一、概念:
哈夫曼树,即最优二叉树,带权路径长度最小的二叉树,经常应用于数据压缩。
在计算机信息处理中,“哈夫曼编码”是一种一致性编码法(又称“熵编码法”),用于数据的无损耗压缩。
二、实现:
1、数据结构:
typedef struct HaffNode{
int weight;
int flag;
int parent;
int leftChild;
int rightChild;
}HaffNode;
typedef struct Code//存放哈夫曼编码的数据元素结构
{
int bit[MaxBit];//数组
int start; //编码的起始下标
int weight;//字符的权值
}Code;
2 、根据权重值,构建哈夫曼树;
void Haffman(int weight[],int n,HaffNode *haffTree){
int j,m1,m2,x1,x2;
//1.哈夫曼树初始化
//n个叶子结点. 2n-1
for(int i = 0; i < 2*n-1;i++){
if(i<n)
haffTree[i].weight = weight[i];
else
haffTree[i].weight = 0;
haffTree[i].parent = 0;
haffTree[i].flag = 0;
haffTree[i].leftChild = -1;
haffTree[i].rightChild = -1;
}
//2.构造哈夫曼树haffTree的n-1个非叶结点
for (int i = 0; i< n - 1; i++){
m1 = m2 = MaxValue;
x1 = x2 = 0;
//2,4,5,7
for (j = 0; j< n + i; j++)//循环找出所有权重中,最小的二个值--morgan
{
if (haffTree[j].weight < m1 && haffTree[j].flag == 0)
{
m2 = m1;
x2 = x1;
m1 = haffTree[j].weight;
x1 = j;
} else if(haffTree[j].weight<m2 && haffTree[j].flag == 0)
{
m2 = haffTree[j].weight;
x2 = j;
}
}
//3.将找出的两棵权值最小的子树合并为一棵子树
haffTree[x1].parent = n + i;
haffTree[x2].parent = n + i;
//将2个结点的flag 标记为1,表示已经加入到哈夫曼树中
haffTree[x1].flag = 1;
haffTree[x2].flag = 1;
//修改n+i结点的权值
haffTree[n + i].weight = haffTree[x1].weight + haffTree[x2].weight;
//修改n+i的左右孩子的值
haffTree[n + i].leftChild = x1;
haffTree[n + i].rightChild = x2;
}
}
3、哈夫曼编码
void HaffmanCode(HaffNode haffTree[], int n, Code haffCode[])
{
//1.创建一个结点cd
Code *cd = (Code * )malloc(sizeof(Code));
int child, parent;
//2.求n个叶结点的哈夫曼编码
for (int i = 0; i<n; i++)
{
//从0开始计数
cd->start = 0;
//取得编码对应权值的字符
cd->weight = haffTree[i].weight;
//当叶子结点i 为孩子结点.
child = i;
//找到child 的双亲结点;
parent = haffTree[child].parent;
//由叶结点向上直到根结点
while (parent != 0)
{
if (haffTree[parent].leftChild == child)
cd->bit[cd->start] = 0;//左孩子结点编码0
else
cd->bit[cd->start] = 1;//右孩子结点编码1
//编码自增
cd->start++;
//当前双亲结点成为孩子结点
child = parent;
//找到双亲结点
parent = haffTree[child].parent;
}
int temp = 0;
for (int j = cd->start - 1; j >= 0; j--){
temp = cd->start-j-1;
haffCode[i].bit[temp] = cd->bit[j];
}
//把cd中的数据赋值到haffCode[i]中.
//保存好haffCode 的起始位以及权值;
haffCode[i].start = cd->start;
//保存编码对应的权值
haffCode[i].weight = cd->weight;
}
}
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