摘要：在关键字驱动测试框架中，除了PO模式以及一些常规Action的封装外，一个很重要的内容就是读写EXCEL，在团队中如何让不会写代码的人也可以进行自动化测试？ 我们可以将自动化测试用例按一定的规格写到EXCEL中去（如下图所示）
然后通过代码实现对具备这种规格的EXCEL进行解析，让你的代码获取EXCEL中的步骤，关键字，页面元素定位，操作方式，最后在写入执行结果，附上异常截图即可；团队中不会写代码的人居多，改改Excel执行也可以实现自动化测试
此处在初始化类的时候定义了两个颜色放进字典中，之后会当做参数传给写EXCEL的函数，当测试用例执行通过 用绿色字体标注pass，当执行失败的时候用红色字体标注failed
具体实现代码如下
# 用于实现读取Excel数据文件代码封装
# encoding = utf-8
"""
__project__ = 'KeyDri'
__author__ = 'davieyang'
__mtime__ = '2018/4/21'
"""
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font
import time
class ParseExcel(object):
def __init__(self):
self.workBook = None
self.excelFile = None
self.font = Font(color=None)
self.RGBDict = {'red': 'FFFF3030', 'green': 'FF008B00'}
def loadWorkBook(self, excelPathAndName):
# 将Excel加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象
try:
self.workBook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)
except Exception as e:
raise e
self.excelFile = excelPathAndName
return self.workBook
def getSheetByName(self, sheetName):
# 根据sheet名获取该sheet对象
try:
# sheet = self.workBook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)
sheet = self.workBook[sheetName]
return sheet
except Exception as e:
raise e
def getSheetByIndex(self, sheetIndex):
# 根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象
try:
# sheetname = self.workBook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex]
sheetname = self.workBook.sheetnames[sheetIndex]
except Exception as e:
raise e
# sheet = self.workBook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetname)
sheet = self.workBook[sheetname]
return sheet
def getRowsNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号
return sheet.max_row
def getColsNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号
return sheet.max_column
def getStartRowNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的行号
return sheet.min_row
def getStartColNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的列号
return sheet.min_column
def getRow(self, sheet, rowNo):
# 获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有数据内容组成的tuple
# 下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行
try:
# return sheet.rows[rowNo - 1] 因为sheet.rows是生成器类型，不能使用索引
# 转换成list之后再使用索引，list(sheet.rows)[2]这样就获取到第二行的tuple对象。
return list(sheet.rows)[rowNo - 1]
except Exception as e:
raise e
def getCol(self, sheet, colNo):
# 获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple
# 下标从1开始，sheet.columns[1]表示第一列
try:
return list(sheet.columns)[colNo - 1]
except Exception as e:
raise e
def getCellOfValue(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):
# 根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格中的值，下标从1开始
# sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value，表示excel中的第一行第一列的值
if coordinate is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")
def getCellOfObject(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):
# 获取某个单元格对象，可以根据单元格所在的位置的数字索引，也可以直接根据Excel中单元格的编码及坐标
# 如getCellOfObject(sheet, coordinate='A1) or getCellOfObject(sheet, rowNo = 1, colNo = 2)
if coordinate is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo)
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")
def writeCell(self, sheet, content, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None, style=None):
# 根据单元格在Excel中的编码坐标或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据，下标从1开始
# 参数style表示字体的颜色的名字，如red，green
if coordinate is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value = content
if style is not None:
sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value = content
if style is not None:
sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")
def writeCellCurrentTime(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):
# 写入当前时间，下标从1开始
now = int(time.time()) # 显示为时间戳
timeArray = time.localtime(now)
currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
if coordinate is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value = currentTime
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value = currentTime
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
if __name__ == "__main__":
from Configurations.VarConfig import dataFilePath163
pe = ParseExcel()
pe.loadWorkBook(dataFilePath163)
print("通过名称获取sheet对象名字：")
pe.getSheetByName(u"联系人")
print("通过Index序号获取sheet对象的名字")
pe.getSheetByIndex(0)
sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0)
print(type(sheet))
print(pe.getRowsNumber(sheet))
print(pe.getColsNumber(sheet))
cols = pe.getCol(sheet, 1)
for i in cols:
print(i.value)
# 获取第一行第一列单元格内容
print(pe.getCellOfValue(sheet, rowNo=1, colNo=1))
pe.writeCell(sheet, u'中国北京', rowNo=11, colNo=11, style='red')
pe.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet, rowNo=10, colNo=11)
那么我们的测试数据除了放在Excel中，还可以存储在XML里，然后关键字驱动框架中提供解析XML的API
# encoding = utf-8
"""
__title__ = ''
__author__ = 'davieyang'
__mtime__ = '2018/4/21'
"""
from xml.etree import ElementTree
class ParseXML(object):
def __init__(self, xmlPath):
self.xmlPath = xmlPath
def getRoot(self):
# 打开将要解析的XML文件
tree = ElementTree.parse(self.xmlPath)
# 获取XML文件的根节点对象，然后返回给调用者
return tree.getroot()
def findNodeByName(self, parentNode, nodeName):
# 通过节点的名字获取节点对象
nodes = parentNode.findall(nodeName)
return nodes
def getNodeofChildText(self, node):
# 获取节点node下所有子节点的节点名作为key，本节点作为value组成的字典对象
childrenTextDict = {i.tag: i.text for i in list(node.iter())[1:]}
# 上面代码等价于
'''
childrenTextDict = {}
for i in list(node.iter())[1:]:
fhildrenTextDict[i.tag] = i.text
'''
return childrenTextDict
def getDataFromXml(self):
# 获取XML文档的根节点对象
root = self.getRoot()
# 获取根节点下所有名为book的节点对象
books = self.findNodeByName(root, "book")
dataList = []
# 遍历获取到的所有book节点对象
# 取得需要的测试数据
for book in books:
childrenText = self.getNodeofChildText(book)
dataList.append(childrenText)
return dataList
if __name__ == "__main__":
xml = ParseXML(r"F:\seleniumWithPython\TestData\TestData.xml")
datas = xml.getDataFromXml()
for i in datas:
print(i["name"], i["author"])
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