静默安装Oracle 11g centos7

yum安装

yum install -y compat-libcap*;
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*;
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*.i686; 
yum install -y gcc*;
yum install -y glibc-devel-*.i686;
yum install -y libstdc++-devel*.i686;
yum install -y libaio*.i686;
yum install -y libaio-devel*;
yum install -y unixODBC*;
yum install -y unixODBC*.i686;
yum install -y ksh;

检查包、依赖安装情况

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh;
rpm -q libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel;

修改系统配置文件

1. vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

2. vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle hard stack 10240

3. vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

4. vi /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

5. vi /etc/selinux/config
   关闭selinux
   SELINUX=disabled
   记得reboot

创建用户

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /data/oracle oracle

passwd oracle

记得密码，后面需要

创建安装目录

cd /data/oracle/; mkdir -p app/oracle;
chown -R oracle:oinstall app/;

修改oracle用户环境变量

su – oracle
vim ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

解压oracle.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
mv database/ /data/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
chmod -R 777 database/

压缩包下载：适用于 Linux x86-64 的 Oracle Database 11g 第 2 版 | Oracle 中国

静默安装

1. 编辑响应文件db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/data/oracle/database/response
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=DSA
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

2. 安装oracle

cd /data/oracle/database;
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

显示如下，敲回车

[oracle@hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 20686 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 511 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2021-07-29_03-53-54PM. Please wait ...[oracle@hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106 database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
 /data/oracle/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2021-07-29_03-53-54PM.log
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
 #!/bin/sh
 #Root scripts to run

/data/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
         1. Open a terminal window
         2. Log in as "root"
         3. Run the scripts
         4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

su - root
cd /data/oracle/app/oraInventory; ./orainstRoot.sh
cd /data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/;./root.sh

3. 安装监听

su - oracle
/data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

4. 编辑响应文件dbca.rsp
   vim /data/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "DSA"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

5. 安装库

/data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /data4/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[oracle@hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106 ~]$ /data/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:

Enter SYSTEM user password:

Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/DSA/DSA.log" for further details.

输入密码为上面Oracle用户的密码

登录Oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

安装问题汇总：

1.swap没有文件。

[oracle@hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 21202 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: 0 MB available, 150 MB required.    Failed <<<<

处理方法：

检查 Swap 空间在设置 Swap 文件之前，有必要先检查一下系统里有没有既存的 Swap 文件。运行以下命令
swapon -s

检查文件系统在设置 Swap 文件之前，同样有必要检查一下文件系统，看看是否有足够的硬盘空间来设置 Swap 。运行以下命令：

df -hal
创建并允许 Swap 文件下面使用 dd 命令来创建 Swap 文件。检查返回的信息，还剩余足够的硬盘空间即可。

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=512k

格式化并激活 Swap 文件上面已经创建好 Swap 文件，还需要格式化后才能使用。运行命令
mkswap /swapfile

激活 Swap ，运行命令：
swapon /swapfile

以上步骤做完，再次运行命令：
swapon -s

2.使用了root去安装Oracle

[root@hecs-x-medium-2-linux-20210702101106 database]# ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

The user is root. Oracle Universal Installer cannot continue installation if the user is root.
: No such file or directory

处理方法：
su - oracle