外刊阅读：10,000 steps isn't the magi

微信运动能记录我们每天走了多少步，而且还有朋友之间的排行榜。一般来说，一万步以下都拿不到好的名次。那么，从健康的角度来说，有没有必要每天走一万多步呢？

10,000 steps isn't the magic number for living longer

by Nina Shapiro

A study published in last week's issue of JAMA Internal Medicine looked at the question of the benefits of walking 10,000 steps, and whether or not this number impacts longevity in a select group of women.

publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ n. （报刊杂志等）一期
impact /ɪmˈpækt/ v. 影响
longevity /lɒnˈdʒevəti/ n. 长寿
select /sɪˈlekt/ adj. 精心选择的

The investigators evaluated over 16,000 women, all over age 72 years, over 7-day periods between 2011 and 2015. They gave them each a wearable device to measure steps during a given week. They then reviewed step data, to see if it correlated with all-cause mortality in the subsequent five to eight years.

investigator /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)/ n. 调查研究者（由investigate加上表示人的后缀-or）
evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估
wearable /ˈweərəb(ə)l/ adj. 可穿戴的（由wear加后缀-able变成形容词）
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量
review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 检查、评估
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据
correlate /ˈkɒrəleɪt/ v. 相关、关联
cause /kɔːz/ n. 原因（all-cause指所有原因都算）
mortality /mɔːˈtæləti/ n. 死亡、死亡率
subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj. 随后的

The study found that there was a decrease in all-cause mortality in women who walked as few as 4,400 steps per day. They also found that once a woman walked more than 7,500 steps per day, walking more did not correlate with lowered rate of death.

lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ v. 降低
rate /reɪt/ n. 率、比率

Granted, there are several weak spots in this study. One potential flaw is the accuracy of the step counts. Another is that it's measuring one aspect of lifestyle (walking steps) over a relatively short time (one week). But the large number of study subjects and long-term follow-up (as long as eight years) gives some weight to this data.

granted /ˈɡrɑːntɪd/ adv. 确实、诚然
weak spot 弱点、薄弱环节
potential /pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ adj. 潜在的
flaw /flɔː/ n. 缺陷
accuracy /ˈækjurəsi/ n. 准确度
aspect /ˈæspekt/ n. 方面
lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ n. 生活方式（由life和style组成）
relatively /ˈrelətɪvli/ adv. 相对地
subject /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ n. 实验对象
long-term 长期的
follow-up 跟踪、回访
weight /weɪt/ n. 重要性、影响力

The notion of steps per day being linked to health is not a new one. The Amish population, a close-knit community living primarily in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and in parts of Ontario, Canada, has been the subject of health studies from the vantage point of diet, genetics, lifestyle and exercise for decades.

notion /ˈnəʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 观念
link /lɪŋk/ v. 联系
close-knit 团结的
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区
primarily /praɪˈmer(ə)li/ adv. 主要地（由primary加后缀-ly变成副词）
Pennsylvania /ˌpensɪlˈveɪniə/ n. 宾夕法尼亚州（美国东北部的州）
Ohio /əʊˈhaɪəʊ/ n. 俄亥俄州（美国东北部的州）
Ontario /ɒnˈteəriəʊ/ n. 安大略省（加拿大东部的省）
vantage /ˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ point 观察点、（思考问题的）角度
genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/ n. 基因学、遗传学
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年

A 2004 study tracked steps of the Amish, and found that Amish men walked, on average, 18,000 steps per day, and Amish women were clocking approximately 14,000 daily steps. And while the Amish are hardly known for snacking on kale chips or sipping Kombucha, they tend to have extremely low rates of obesity and heart disease, despite a pretty hefty（量大的） diet and dearth（缺乏） of pilates classes.

track /træk/ v. 追踪
clock /klɒk/ v. 达到（某个速度或时间）
approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ adv. 大约、大概
snack /snæk/ v. 吃零食
kale /keɪl/ n. 羽衣甘蓝（kale chip是羽衣甘蓝的叶片脱水以后形成的蔬菜片，有点像海苔片）
sip /sɪp/ v. 小口喝
Kombucha /kɒmˈbuːtʃə/ n. 康普茶（一种发酵茶，有点像普洱茶）
tend /tend/ v. 倾向于
obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ n. 肥胖
pilates /pəˈlɑːtiːz/ 是一种健身方法

Japanese walking clubs in the 1960's and 1970's promoted use of pedometers（计步器）, with the goal of 10,000 steps per day. This is an auspicious（吉利的） number in Japanese culture, but it is arbitrary, not an actual data-driven marker for healthy levels of activity for adults or children. More recent data shows that children should walk closer to 13,000 steps each day for ideal activity levels to maintain health.

promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 推广
arbitrary /ˈɑːbɪtrəri/ adj. 武断的、随意选择的
actual /ˈæktʃuəl/ adj. 实际的、实在的
data-driven 由数据得出的
marker /ˈmɑːkə(r)/ n. 标记、标志
level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n. 水平、数量
activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ n. 活动
ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/ adj. 理想的
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持、保持

Accuracy of any tracker data has been questionable, with some overestimating step count by up to fifteen percent. But for those who engage in minimal physical activity, the trackers may, indeed, be motivational. And according to this recent study, walking much less than the sought-after 10,000 daily steps, especially into one's eighth decade, may be plenty to keep the internal tracker we call the heart ticking into the ninth decade and beyond.★

tracker /ˈtrækə(r)/ n. 追踪器（由track加上表示人或物的后缀-er）
questionable /ˈkwestʃənəb(ə)l/ adj. 有疑问的（由question加后缀-able变成形容词）
overestimate /ˌəʊvəˈrestɪmeɪt/ v. 高估（由estimate加上表示“高于”的前缀over-）
engage in 从事、做（某事）
minimal /ˈmɪnɪm(ə)l/ adj. 极少的
physical /ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l/ adj. 身体的
motivational /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 激励人的（由motivation加后缀-al变成形容词）
seek /siːk/ v. 寻求（sought是过去分词，sought-after就是很多人想要的）
internal /ɪnˈtɜːn(ə)l/ adj. 内部的、体内的
tick /tɪk/ v. （钟表等）发出滴答声（这里指心脏跳动）
★ 这句话里we call the heart是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰之前的tracker

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