Docker学习(3)
Docker的安装
linux上安装Docker
-
基于Ubuntu版本的安装
-
网址：get.docker.com
$ wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh
# Executing docker install script, commit: f45d7c11389849ff46a6b4d94e0dd1ffebca32c1
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c curl -fsSL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg" | apt-key add -qq - >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get update -qq >/dev/null
+ [ -n ]
+ sudo -E sh -c apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends docker-ce >/dev/null
+ sudo -E sh -c docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.4
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.10
Git commit: 9013bf583a
Built: Fri Oct 18 15:53:51 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.4
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.10
Git commit: 9013bf583a
Built: Fri Oct 18 15:52:23 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.10
GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev
GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
If you would like to use Docker as a non-root user, you should now consider
adding your user to the "docker" group with something like:
sudo usermod -aG docker lhf
Remember that you will have to log out and back in for this to take effect!
WARNING: Adding a user to the "docker" group will grant the ability to run
containers which can be used to obtain root privileges on the
docker host.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/security/#docker-daemon-attack-surface
for more information.
lhf@lhf-virtual-machine:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker lhf
- 最后通过非root用户使用docker
$ sudo usermod -aG docker lhf
$ cat /etc/group | grep docker
docker:x:1001:lhf
- 查看docker是否安装成功
$ docker --version
Docker version 19.03.4, build 9013bf583a
$ docker system info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.4
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-45-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 962MiB
Name: lhf-virtual-machine
ID: LL5Q:6LHC:TMPA:IB7U:5OPG:4VFR:QZBL:TSVF:GC6J:CDPT:OIAD:7UGQ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
WARNING: No swap limit support
docker引擎(Engine)升级
- 需要重视升级操作的每个前置条件
- 包括容器配置了正确的重启策略
- 引擎的具体操作步骤
- 停止docker守护进程
- 移除旧版本dcoker
- 安装新版docker
- 配置新版本的docker为开机自启
- 确保容器重启成功
在ubuntu16.4上升级Docker CE
- 查看版本
$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS \n \l
- 更新APT包列表
$ sudo apt-get update
- 卸载当前的docker
$ sudo apt-get remove -y docker docker-engine docker-ce docker.io
- 安装最近版的docker
$ wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh
- 将docker设置为开机自启动
$ sudo systemctl enable docker
Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV init with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install...
Executing /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled docker
enabled
- 检查并确保每个容器和服务都已经重启成功
$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
lhf@lhf-virtual-machine:~$ docker service ls
Docker存储驱动的选择
- 每个docker容器都有一个本地存储空间，用于保存层叠的镜像层以及挂载的容器文件系统。
- 默认情况下，容器的所有读写操作都发生在其镜像层或挂载的文件系统中，所以存储是容器的性能和稳定性的关键。
- 本地存储是通过存储驱动进行管理的。
- 存储驱动在上层抽象设计中都在采用了栈式镜像层和写时复制(Copy-on-Write)的设计思想，但是docker在linux底层支持几种不同的存储驱动的具体实现。
- 在linux上docker的存储驱动包括：AUFS、Ocerlay2、Device Mapper 、 btrfs 和ZFS
- 存储驱动的选择是 节点级别 的，所以每个docker主机只能选择一种存储驱动。
- 修改存储引擎配置
$ cat /etc/docker/deamon.json
{
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
Device Mapper配置
- 存储驱动一般不需要或者很少配置
- Device Mapper需要合理的配置才能表现良好的性能
- 为了达到Device Mapper在生产环境中的最佳性能，需要将底层实现修改direct-lvm的模式
- direct-lvm这种模式通过使用基于裸块设备(Raw Block Device)的LVM精简池(LVM thin pool)来获得更好的性能。
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