Android 7.0 拍照 FileUriExposedExc

最近开发项目遇到7.0 拍照崩溃记录此问题

这个异常只会在Android 7.0+ 上会出现此问题，当app使用file:// url 共享给其他app时， 会抛出这个异常
官方推荐使用FileProvider 来解决此问题

• 第一步在manifest.xml文件添加provider，相机，读写文件权限

• 第二步在appliction 节点中插入代码,注意 android:authorities 里面的值，在后面使用的getUriForFile(Context, String, File) 中， 第二个参数就是这个里面的值，请务必填写正确。

  <provider
       android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
       android:authorities="com.example.android.fileprovider"
       android:exported="false"
       android:grantUriPermissions="true">
       <meta-data
           android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
           android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"></meta-data>
    </provider>
  

-  第三步在res节点下创建xml包并添加provider_paths.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
</paths>

paths 可配置选项

<files-path name="name" path="path" /> //相当 Context.getFilesDir() + path, name是分享url的一部分

<cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //getCacheDir()

<external-path name="name" path="path" /> //Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

<external-files-path name="name" path="path" />//getExternalFilesDir(String) Context.getExternalFilesDir(null)

<external-cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //Context.getExternalCacheDir()

-  第4步在activity中调用拍照版本高于或等于android 7.0使用FileProvider.getUriForFile 否则使用Uri.fromFile(file);

/**
* 打开系统相机
*/
private void openCamera() {
File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
//通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri ,和清单文件保持一致
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.android.fileprovider", file);
} else {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
}
Intent intent = new Intent();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //添加这一句表示对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
}
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//设置Action为拍照
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);//将拍取的照片保存到指定URI
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CAPTURE);
}

public File createIconFile() {
String fileName = "";
if (iconDir != null) {
fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
}
return new File(iconDir, fileName);
}

-  File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile(); 
创建文件

public class FileStorage {
private File cropIconDir;
private File iconDir;

public FileStorage() {
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState())) {
        File external = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        String rootDir = "/" + "image";
        cropIconDir = new File(external, rootDir + "/crop");
        if (!cropIconDir.exists()) {
            cropIconDir.mkdirs();

        }
        iconDir = new File(external, rootDir + "/icon");
        if (!iconDir.exists()) {
            iconDir.mkdirs();

        }
    }
}

public File createCropFile() {
    String fileName = "";
    if (cropIconDir != null) {
        fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
    }
    return new File(cropIconDir, fileName);
}

public File createIconFile() {
    String fileName = "";
    if (iconDir != null) {
        fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
    }
    return new File(iconDir, fileName);
}

}

-  裁剪

/**
* 裁剪
/
private void cropPhoto() {
File file = new FileStorage().createCropFile();
Uri outputUri = Uri.fromFile(file);//缩略图保存地址
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}
intent.setDataAndType(imageUri, "image/");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, outputUri);
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PICTURE_CUT);
}

- 第5步 activity 

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
//此处为系统拍照截图返回
cameraProxy.onResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_CAPTURE://拍照
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
cropPhoto();
}
break;
case REQUEST_PICTURE_CUT://裁剪完成
spUtil.setUserHead(imageUri.getPath());
break;

    }
}