美文网首页Android知识
Android事件分发机制

Android事件分发机制

作者: SevChen | 来源:发表于2017-03-12 20:01 被阅读45次

    <h1 align = "center">Android事件分发机制</h1>


    前言:网上有很多关于Android事件分发的文章,但大多是基于使用经验或者Log来总结出来的,本文主要从源码进行分析,彻底了解Android事件分发的原理。以下的内容都是基于Android7.1源码的。

    Activity的事件分发机制

    一般情况下,对于应用层来说,事件的分发是从Activity接收到来自系统的TouchEvent开始的。Activity的dispatchTouchEvent首先被调用:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // 可以重写这个方法,处理ACTION_DOWN事件,可以看出,任何事件序列都会首先调用这个函数,如果需要监听用户是否触摸屏幕,那么建议重写这个函数即可。
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        // 将事件交由Window处理,返回true表示事件已经消耗掉了,于是返回true告诉系统。
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        // 如果该事件没有被Window消耗掉,那么Activity的TouchEvent将会被调用。
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }
    

    Activity的事件分发比较简单,由源码可以看出,如果Window消耗了事件,或者Activity自身的onTouchEvent消耗了事件,都将会返回true,告诉系统事件已经被消耗掉。

    我们知道,一个事件序列基本都是由ACTION_DOWN,ACTION_MOVE...,ACTION_MOVE,ACTION_UP构成的,在Activity的事件分发机制里面,一个事件序列里面的每个子事件的处理都是独立开来的,即,就算Activity不消耗ACTION_DOWN事件,接下来的ACTION_MOVE,ACTION_UP等事件都会继续传递给Activity处理。

    Window的事件分发机制

    在事件分发的过程中,Window只是作为中间的桥梁,这里没什么好说的。直接源码:

    // 这个函数是在PhoneWindow里面的,实际上Activity中的Window,就是一个PhoneWindow
    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            // 直接交由DecorView处理
            return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }
    

    ViewGroup的事件分发机制

    查看DecorView的源码发现,实际上,就是间接调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent,因为DecorView继承自FrameLayout,FrameLayout继承自ViewGroup,FrameLayout并没有重写dispatchTouchEvent函数,所以最终调用的是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent。

    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }
    

    下面是把一些无关的代码删除后,ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent的实现,每一事件序列都维护着一个触摸链表,触摸链表的节点实体是TouchTarget,
    事件序列中的任一事件,将会更新触摸链表。触摸链表是当前触点可以触摸到的子View的集合,例如一个ViewGroup中有2个子View,A和B,A和B有重合的部分,
    如果手指触摸到重合的部分,那么触摸链表里面就是A和B,如果只是触摸到A独有的部分,那么触摸链表就是只有A。

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    
        boolean handled = false;
        // 过滤一些不安全的触摸事件,比如当前View被别的可见分Window遮挡住了。
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
    
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // 清除之前的事件序列状态,另外,如果上一个事件序列结束后,当前这个ViewGroup被设置成不拦截事件的,
                // 那么在这个事件开始时,总是被设置成可以拦截事件。即设置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT只是在一个事件序列内有效。
                // mFirstTouchTarget也会被清除。
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }
    
            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            // 一般情况下,如果是ACTION_DOWN事件,那么mFirstTouchTarget就为null,因为在上面的代码里面,ACTION_DOWN事件将会首先清除触摸链表
            // 如果不是ACTION_DOWN,而这个时候mFirstTouchTarget不为null,那么说明,ACTION_DOWN事件已经被当前ViewGroup的某一个子View消耗了
            // 于是会继续尝试拦截,于是可以得出:ViewGroup可以在事件序列的任一个节点阻止事件继续往下传递。
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                // 是否允许拦截事件,记住,FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT会在ACTION_DOWN事件到来时被重设,所以,
                // onInterceptTouchEvent 总是会被调用(ACTION_DOWN事件)
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    // 我们可以重写ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent来决定要不要拦截事件
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // 如果不是ACTION_DOWN,而这个时候mFirstTouchTarget又为null,那么说明ACTION_DOWN事件已经被当前的ViewGroup拦截了,或者是
                // 没有子View消耗ACTION_DOWN事件,
                // 于是,当前ViewGroup应该继续拦截接下来的一个事件序列内的所有事件。
                intercepted = true;
            }
    
            // 如果事件被拦截了,或者有子View处理了,都进行正常的分发。
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }
    
            // 检查该事件是否应该取消。
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
    
            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            // 事件不取消,而且不拦截
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
    
                // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
    
                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
    
                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
    
                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        // 遍历所有子View,并将事件分发给子View(如果该子View能接受事件的话)。
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);
    
                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }
                            // View如果不可见,或者事件坐标不在View范围内,那么View不能处理该事件。
                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }
    
                            // 执行到这里的时候,说明View是具有响应当前事件的能力的(看上面的if语句)
                            // 假设当前事件不是DOWN事件,那么View应该就在触摸链表中了,即newTouchTarget不为null,
                            // 于是将会跳出循环
                            // 例外的情况是:如果是滑动的时候,滑到了一个全新的子View中,newTouchTarget == null,那么就会跑下面的代码
                            // 将该子View加入到触摸链表中。
                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            // 将事件传递给子View,子View的dispatchTouchEvent被调用
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                // 这个子view不再触摸链表中,但是其能够响应当前的事件,所以理应将它加入到触摸链表中。
                                // 将该子View插入到触摸目标的链表头部。
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }
    
                    // 如果没有找到消耗当前事件的子View,那么最新的触摸目标指向最迟最近的的触摸目标
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }
    
            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // mFirstTouchTarget == null 说明触摸链表是空的,表示ViewGroup中没有子View响应该事件,那么
                // ViewGroup被当做是View对待,即ViewGroup的父类的dispatchTouchEvent被调用。ViewGroup的父类是View。
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                // 遍历触摸链表,一个一个分发给链表中的view。
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        // 如果分发过了,那么就不再重复分发了
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        // 分发给链表中的view
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        // 因为触摸点是不停变化的,那么触摸链表也在不停变化,
                        // 对于一些不再能够响应事件的链表节点,将它从链表中移除。
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }
    
            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }
    
        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }
    

    View的事件分发机制

    View的事件分发比较简单,如果有设置onTouchListener,那么onTouchListener首先响应事件,
    onTouchListener 如果不消耗事件,那么轮到onTouchEvent响应事件,如果连onTouchEvent都不消耗事件,
    那么表明该View不消耗事件,返回false,将事件交由父View处理。

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        // If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
        if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
            // We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
            if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
                return false;
            }
            // We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
            event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }
    
        boolean result = false;
    
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
        }
    
        final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
            stopNestedScroll();
        }
    
        // 如果当前View被别的可见的Window遮挡,那么无法响应事件
        // 例如Toast
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            // 如果View有设置OnTouchListener,那么OnTouchListener首先响应事件。
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }
    
            // 如果OnTouchListener不响应事件,那么轮到onTouchEvent响应事件
            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }
    
        if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
        }
    
        // Clean up after nested scrolls if this is the end of a gesture;
        // also cancel it if we tried an ACTION_DOWN but we didn't want the rest
        // of the gesture.
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
                actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
                (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
            stopNestedScroll();
        }
    
        return result;
    }
    

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Android事件分发机制

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/vnrxnttx.html