Ubuntu 更换 apt 软件源

apt 全名 Advanced Package Tool，是 Debian 和 Ubuntu 操作系统的软件包管理工具；

这里要区分 apt 和 apt-get 等命令，他们是单独维护的项目，功能上 apt 是对其他 apt-* 项目的整合，但并不能完全替代。

apt 是基于集中式软件仓库的软件包管理工具。

查看当前已配置软件源

cd /etc/apt

drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096  7月  3 09:46 ./
drwxr-xr-x 95 root root 4096  7月  3 09:49 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  7月  3 09:49 apt.conf.d/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  4月  8 18:22 auth.conf.d/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  4月  8 18:22 keyrings/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  4月  8 18:22 preferences.d/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1147  7月  3 09:46 sources.list
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  4月  8 18:22 sources.list.d/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  6月  7 10:07 trusted.gpg.d/

cat sources.list

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

备份

cp sources.list sources.list.bak
ll

image.png

编辑，修改为新的软件源

vim sources.list
将问价内容删除，加入新的软件源，保存文件

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华大学软件源： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
至此，软件源已更换完毕

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apt 常用命令

apt 命令	取代的命令	命令的功能
apt install	apt-get install	安装软件包
apt remove	apt-get remove	移除软件包
apt purge	apt-get purge	移除软件包及配置文件
apt update	apt-get update	刷新存储库索引
apt upgrade	apt-get upgrade	升级所有可升级的软件包
apt autoremove	apt-get autoremove	自动删除不需要的包
apt full-upgrade	apt-get dist-upgrade	在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
apt search	apt-cache search	搜索应用程序
apt show	apt-cache show	显示装细节

更多命令可通过帮助命令查看和学习