1. 前言
CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用MariaDB代替了，MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。
2. 卸载MariaDB
2.1 检查MariaDB是否安装
yum list installed | grep mariadb
如果存在这个数据库的安装包,那么我们选择全部卸载掉!
2.2 卸载MariaDB数据库
yum -y remove mariadb*
卸载输出日志如下:
[root@IMUKL ~]# yum -y remove mariadb*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: php-mysql- 5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix- 2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for pa ckage: php-mysql-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for pa ckage: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 will be erased
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.1-2 7.el7.centos.1.x86_64
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Running transaction check
---> Package redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.1-27.el7.centos.1 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Removing:
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 @anaconda 4.4 M
Removing for dependencies:
php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-45.el7 @base 232 k
postfix x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 @anaconda 12 M
redhat-lsb-core x86_64 4.1-27.el7.centos.1 @base 45 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
Installed size: 17 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Erasing : redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/4
Erasing : php-mysql-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 2/4
Erasing : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 3/4
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : php-mysql-5.4.16-45.el7.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 4/4
Removed:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
Dependency Removed:
php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7
redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.1-27.el7.centos.1
Complete!
3. 安装mysql
3.1 下载mysql安装包
wget -P /home/install http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
这样将mysql安装包下载到/home/install目录
3.2 执行mysql安装包
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
3.3 检查mysql的YUM源是否安装成功
yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
3.4 查看mysql版本
yum repolist all | grep mysql
可以看到 5.5， 5.6，8.0 版本是默认禁用的.
3.5 查看当前的启用的 MySQL 版本
yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
3.6 安装MySQL
yum install mysql-community-server -y
4. 验证mysql
4.1 启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
4.2 查看mysql状态
systemctl status mysqld
4.3 登陆mysql
mysql -u root -p
mysql会提示输入密码,但是此时您并不知道密码是多少,可以执行如下命令,查看初始密码.
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
查询内容如下:
2018-08-27T06:25:51.999521Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <JJq*=Dg-1w%
然后'<JJq*=Dg-1w%'即为root初始密码.
4.4 设置root账户密码
经过4.3的步骤,我们成功登陆了mysql,下一步可以对root账户的密码进行重新设置。
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root账户密码');
这行，报如下问题，原来mysql在5.7这个版本中，加入了验证密码这个机制。必须是大小写+数字+特殊符号 。
4.5 允许以root账户以任意ip登陆mysql
以root账户重新登陆mysql,并执行如下两条命令
// 允许任意ip以root账户访问mysql
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root账户的密码；
// 立即生效
flush privileges;
4.6 配置阿里云端口开放规则
开通3306端口!
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