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Android OkHttp3流程分析(3)

Android OkHttp3流程分析(3)

作者: Bfmall | 来源:发表于2023-04-13 11:35 被阅读0次

    接着上篇:https://www.jianshu.com/p/48f2d6551b6b

    3.3 CacheInterceptor缓存拦截器

    这个拦截器的作用是缓存,整体的流程都是围绕一个叫缓存策略来的,其中里面有两个重要的参数networkRequest和cacheResponse这两个代表了网络和缓存,通过判断两个参数是否为null来执行网络请求和缓存的策略。

    基本结构


    image.png

    CacheInterceptor依赖两个关键类,一个是CacheStrategy,一个是InternalCache。

    CacheStrategy采用的是简单工厂模式(其实只是抽象工厂的特例),此类用于判定使用缓存,网络还是二者都使用。

    InternalCache基本不会自己去设置,会使用Cache中的InternalCache的结构,而Cache实际上是通过DiskLruCache实现。

    Cache的类图:

    image.png
    接下来先分析Cache的源码,CacheStrategy源码,最后是CacheInterceptor源码。
    //Cache.java
    public final class Cache implements Closeable, Flushable {
    
      //InternalCache的实现是匿名内部类,并且是通过调用Cache的相关方法来实现的。
      final InternalCache internalCache = new InternalCache() {
        @Override public Response get(Request request) throws IOException {
          //调用Cache类的get方法
          return Cache.this.get(request);
        }
    
        @Override public CacheRequest put(Response response) throws IOException {
          return Cache.this.put(response);
        }
    
        @Override public void remove(Request request) throws IOException {
          Cache.this.remove(request);
        }
    
        @Override public void update(Response cached, Response network) {
          Cache.this.update(cached, network);
        }
    
        @Override public void trackConditionalCacheHit() {
          Cache.this.trackConditionalCacheHit();
        }
    
        @Override public void trackResponse(CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) {
          Cache.this.trackResponse(cacheStrategy);
        }
      };
    
      final DiskLruCache cache;
    
      /**
       * Create a cache of at most {@code maxSize} bytes in {@code directory}.
       */
      public Cache(File directory, long maxSize) {
        this(directory, maxSize, FileSystem.SYSTEM);
      }
    
      Cache(File directory, long maxSize, FileSystem fileSystem) {
        //通过构造方法来创建DiskLruCache
        this.cache = DiskLruCache.create(fileSystem, directory, VERSION, ENTRY_COUNT, maxSize);
      }
    }
    

    我们接着分析put与get方法

    Put方法:
    //Cache.java
      @Nullable CacheRequest put(Response response) {
        String requestMethod = response.request().method();
        //根据请求method,判断是否是无效的缓存。POST,PUT等方法是无法缓存的。
        if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(response.request().method())) {
          try {
            remove(response.request());
          } catch (IOException ignored) {
            // The cache cannot be written.
          }
          return null;
        }
        //非GET请求,不支持缓存。因此直接返回null。
        if (!requestMethod.equals("GET")) {
          // Don't cache non-GET responses. We're technically allowed to cache
          // HEAD requests and some POST requests, but the complexity of doing
          // so is high and the benefit is low.
          return null;
        }
        //确实是不是包含所有的Vary,也就是Vary头是不是*。如果是,直接返回null
        if (HttpHeaders.hasVaryAll(response)) {
          return null;
        }
    
        //首先是创建一个Entry对象(保存了响应的数据)。
        Entry entry = new Entry(response);
        DiskLruCache.Editor editor = null;
        try {
          //接着根据url(url的MD5)从DiskLruCache对象cache中获取DiskLruCache.Editor。
          editor = cache.edit(key(response.request().url()));
          if (editor == null) {
            return null;
          }
           //接着调用Entry对象entry的writeTo写入数据。
          entry.writeTo(editor);
          //最后创建一个CacheRequestImpl返回。
          return new CacheRequestImpl(editor);
        } catch (IOException e) {
          abortQuietly(editor);
          return null;
        }
      }
    
    Get方法:
    //Cache.java
    @Nullable Response get(Request request) {
        //根据url获取key
        String key = key(request.url());
        DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot;
        Entry entry;
        try {
          //根据key从DiskLruCache对象cache中获取DiskLruCache.Snapshot。
          snapshot = cache.get(key);
          //如果snapshot为null说明没有缓存,直接返回null
          if (snapshot == null) {
            return null;
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          //如果发生了IOException异常,说明是缓存无法读取,直接返回null。
          // Give up because the cache cannot be read.
          return null;
        }
    
        try {
          //创建Entry对象。会从Source中读取url,method等信息。
          entry = new Entry(snapshot.getSource(ENTRY_METADATA));
        } catch (IOException e) {
          Util.closeQuietly(snapshot);
          return null;
        }
        //调用entry的response获取响应。
        Response response = entry.response(snapshot);
        //然后判断请求与响应是否匹配,不匹配关闭流,返回null。匹配返回Response
        if (!entry.matches(request, response)) {
          Util.closeQuietly(response.body());
          return null;
        }
    
        return response;
      }
    
    CacheStrategy

    CacheStrategy采用的是简单工厂(抽象工厂的特例)。我们先分析CacheStrategy的静态类Factory。

    public static class Factory {
       public Factory(long nowMillis, Request request, Response cacheResponse) {
          this.nowMillis = nowMillis;
          this.request = request;
          this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;
    
          if (cacheResponse != null) {
            this.sentRequestMillis = cacheResponse.sentRequestAtMillis();
            this.receivedResponseMillis = cacheResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis();
            Headers headers = cacheResponse.headers();
            for (int i = 0, size = headers.size(); i < size; i++) {
              String fieldName = headers.name(i);
              String value = headers.value(i);
              if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
                servedDate = HttpDate.parse(value);
                servedDateString = value;
              } else if ("Expires".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
                expires = HttpDate.parse(value);
              } else if ("Last-Modified".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
                lastModified = HttpDate.parse(value);
                lastModifiedString = value;
              } else if ("ETag".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
                etag = value;
              } else if ("Age".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
                ageSeconds = HttpHeaders.parseSeconds(value, -1);
              }
            }
          }
        }
    }
    

    构造方法中,主要是解析缓存相关的字段。

    Date 报文创建的日期和时间,用于计算新鲜度。
    Expires响应失效的日期和时间。
    Last-Modified提供实体最后一次修改的时间。
    ETag 表示实体的标记。
    Age告诉接收端响应已经产生了多长时间。

    public static class Factory {  
         public CacheStrategy get() {
          CacheStrategy candidate = getCandidate();
          if (candidate.networkRequest != null && request.cacheControl().onlyIfCached()) {
            // We're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient.
            return new CacheStrategy(null, null);
          }
          return candidate;
        }
    }
    

    这里的代码比较简单的,通过getCandidate方法获取CacheStrategy对象。

    如果是onlyIfCached,由于验证请求不支持onlyIfCached(only-if-cached),因此直接返回参数都为null的CacheStrategy。如果不是直接返回CacheStrategy对象candidate。

    我们一起来分析一下getCandidate方法。由于getCandidate方法代码比较多。

    private CacheStrategy getCandidate() {
          // No cached response.
          if (cacheResponse == null) {
            return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
          }
    
          // Drop the cached response if it's missing a required handshake.
          if (request.isHttps() && cacheResponse.handshake() == null) {
            return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
          }
    
          // If this response shouldn't have been stored, it should never be used
          // as a response source. This check should be redundant as long as the
          // persistence store is well-behaved and the rules are constant.
          if (!isCacheable(cacheResponse, request)) {
            return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
          }
    
          CacheControl requestCaching = request.cacheControl();
          if (requestCaching.noCache() || hasConditions(request)) {
            return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
          }
    
          CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
          //计算age,计算的方法见 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.2.3
          long ageMillis = cacheResponseAge();
          //计算新鲜度 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.2.1
          long freshMillis = computeFreshnessLifetime();
    
          if (requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
            freshMillis = Math.min(freshMillis, SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds()));
          }
          //获取请求的min-fresh。
          long minFreshMillis = 0;
          if (requestCaching.minFreshSeconds() != -1) {
            minFreshMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.minFreshSeconds());
          }
        //获取max-stale,表示过期后能够使用的时间。
          long maxStaleMillis = 0;
          if (!responseCaching.mustRevalidate() && requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds() != -1) {
            maxStaleMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds());
          }
          //说明没有真正的过期。
          if (!responseCaching.noCache() && ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis) {
            Response.Builder builder = cacheResponse.newBuilder();
            //发送110警告。
            if (ageMillis + minFreshMillis >= freshMillis) {
              builder.addHeader("Warning", "110 HttpURLConnection \"Response is stale\"");
            }
            //启发式过期,需要发送113警告。
            long oneDayMillis = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000L;
            if (ageMillis > oneDayMillis && isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic()) {
              builder.addHeader("Warning", "113 HttpURLConnection \"Heuristic expiration\"");
            }
            return new CacheStrategy(null, builder.build());
          }
    
          //设置验证请求的数据。
          // Find a condition to add to the request. If the condition is satisfied, the response body
          // will not be transmitted.
          String conditionName;
          String conditionValue;
          if (etag != null) {
            conditionName = "If-None-Match";
            conditionValue = etag;
          } else if (lastModified != null) {
            conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
            conditionValue = lastModifiedString;
          } else if (servedDate != null) {
            conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
            conditionValue = servedDateString;
          } else {
            return new CacheStrategy(request, null); // No condition! Make a regular request.
          }
          //设置验证请求头。
          Headers.Builder conditionalRequestHeaders = request.headers().newBuilder();
          Internal.instance.addLenient(conditionalRequestHeaders, conditionName, conditionValue);
    
          Request conditionalRequest = request.newBuilder()
              .headers(conditionalRequestHeaders.build())
              .build();
          return new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, cacheResponse);
        }
    

    上面代码主要是获取验证请求的数据,并设置到请求中,最终返回策略。

    再看下intercept方法:

    @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
        //显示获取缓存的Response。如果InternalCache对象cache为null,
        //说明是没有设置缓存,也就是说不支持缓存。不为null是,从cache中获取缓存。
       //一般我们使用的是Cache中的匿名内部类变量internalCache。实际操作的还是Cache。
        Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
            ? cache.get(chain.request())
            : null;
    
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
        /**
        *获取缓存策略CacheStrategy对象,我们前面说过,请求Request与响应        
        * Response是否存在决定要不要进行网络请求,还是使用缓存。分四种情况:
        *
        * 1.Request与Response都存在,说明新鲜度已经过期,需要进行验证请求。
        * 2.只有Request,说明需要进行网络请求,不使用缓存。
        * 3.只有Response,说明不进行网络请求,使用缓存。
        * 4.Request和Response都不存在,说明是既不进行网络请求,也不使用缓存。
        *
        */
        CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
        Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
        Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;
    
        if (cache != null) {
          cache.trackResponse(strategy);
        }
       
        //CacheStrategy对象中缓存响应cacheResponse为null说明不使用缓存,
        //而cacheCandidate又存在,需要关闭缓存cacheCandidate里面的流。
        if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
          closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.
        }
    
        //如果既不用缓存也不使用网络,直接构建响应并返回。
        // If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
        if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
          return new Response.Builder()
              .request(chain.request())
              .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
              .code(504)
              .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
              .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
              .sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
              .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
              .build();
        }
    
        // If we don't need the network, we're done.
        if (networkRequest == null) {
          return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
              .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
              .build();
        }
    
        //根据前面的判断,这里可以确定是缓存命中。
        // networkRequest为null说明不进行网络请求,根据缓存构建响应并返回。
        Response networkResponse = null;
        try {
          networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
        } finally {
           //通过Chain责任链获取响应,finally中当获取的响应是null时,并且存在缓存时,关闭缓存中的流。
          // If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
          if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
            closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
          }
        }
    
        /**
         *cacheResponse != null,说明存在缓存,然后是判断网络的响应的        
         *networkResponse的code是否为HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED(304),如果是说明缓 
         *存还可以使用,构建Response,并更新缓存,返回。不为 
         *HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED,说明内容已经修改,不能使用缓存了,关闭缓存中的流。
        *
        */
        // If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
        if (cacheResponse != null) {
          if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
            Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
                .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
                .sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
                .receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
                .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
                .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
                .build();
            networkResponse.body().close();
    
            // Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
            // Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
            cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
            cache.update(cacheResponse, response);
            return response;
          } else {
            closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
          }
        }
    
        //构建响应Response,
        Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
            .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
            .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
            .build();
    
        if (cache != null) {
          if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {
            //然后根据需要put缓存。
            // Offer this request to the cache.
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response);
            return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
          }
    
          if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {
            try {
              cache.remove(networkRequest);
            } catch (IOException ignored) {
              // The cache cannot be written.
            }
          }
        }
    
        return response;
      }
    

    ————————————————
    参考:
    https://blog.csdn.net/wfeii/article/details/88417745

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