一、如何显示的定义一个Mapping

PUT movies
{
  "mappings": {
    // define your mappings here  
  }
}

二、自定义Mapping的一些建议

可以参考API手册，纯手写

为了减少输入的工作量，减少出错率，可以依照以下步骤

• 创建一个临时的index，写入一些样本数据
• 通过访问Mapping API 获得该临时文件的动态Mapping定义
• 修改后用，使用该配置创建你的索引
• 删除临时索引

三、控制当前字段是否被索引

Index - 控制当前字段是否被索引，默认为true。如果设置成false，该字段不可被搜索

image.png

四、Index Options

image.png

五、null_value

GET users/_search?q=mobile:NULL

image.png

六、copy_to 设置

image.png
_all字段是一个很少用到的字段，它连接所有字段的值构成一个用空格（space）分隔的大string，该string被analyzed和index，但是不被store。当你不知道不清楚document结构的时候，可以用_all。
https://www.cnblogs.com/bonelee/p/6428441.html

七、数组类型

image.png

#设置 index 为 false
DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": "12345678"
}

POST /users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"12345678"
    }
  }
}




#设定Null_value

DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "null_value": "NULL"
        }

      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": null
}


PUT users/_doc/2
{
  "firstName":"Ruan2",
  "lastName": "Yiming2"

}

GET users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"NULL"
    }
  }

}



#设置 Copy to
DELETE users
PUT users
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "firstName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      },
      "lastName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      }
    }
  }
}
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming"
}

GET users/_search?q=fullName:(Ruan Yiming)

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
       "fullName":{
        "query": "Ruan Yiming",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}


#数组类型
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"onebird",
  "interests":"reading"
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"twobirds",
  "interests":["reading","music"]
}

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

GET users/_mapping

补充阅读：
Mapping Parameters https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.1/mapping-params.html