ios ~ UIBezierPath 贝塞尔曲线，使用其appe

在此之前，我们先来说说需求：
之前我们都是使用UIBezierPath和CAShapeLayer，设置mask遮罩层，再显示mask范围内的视图，其他部分不显示；
但是现在，我们想要：一个范围内显示清晰图像，其他部分显示模糊图像（或颜色灰暗的图像），该怎么设置呢？
下面我们来试一下：

①原理：比如，我们想要在一个页面上实现以上要求，创建一个镂空图，在页面覆盖一个透明的UIView，在创建layer之前，改变这个view的颜色为黑色半透明，如下面代码：使用UIBezierPath的方法appendPath:实现镂空图的描绘（注意，不要忘了：_mask_Layer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd; ）

• ① UIBezierPath 有个原生的方法- (void)appendPath:(UIBezierPath *)bezierPath， 这个方法作用是俩个路径有叠加的部分则会镂空。这个方法实现原理应该是path的FillRule 默认是FillRuleEvenOdd。
  ② CALayer 有一个fillRule属性的规则就有kCAFillRuleEvenOdd， 而EvenOdd 是一个奇偶规则，奇数则显示，偶数则不显示，叠加则是偶数故不显示。

GW_NewUserGuidance_FirstStepView.m：

@interface GW_NewUserGuidance_FirstStepView ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel   *titleL;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton  *skipBut;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CAShapeLayer *mask_Layer;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton  *nextBut;

// 历史记录：
@property (nonatomic, strong) CAShapeLayer  *history_lineLayer; // 虚线边框

@end

@implementation GW_NewUserGuidance_FirstStepView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if (self) {
        self.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor;
//        self.backgroundColor = RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
        [self setupUI];
    }
    return self;
}

// 跳过：
- (void)skip_TeachStepsAction {
    
    // 保存在本地一个判断值，表示已经显示过：
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:@"1" forKey:@"is_skip_NewUserGuidance"];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    
    [self removeFromSuperview];
}


- (void)refreshUI {
    
    self.backgroundColor = RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
    
    [self.mask_Layer removeFromSuperlayer];
    [self.history_lineLayer removeFromSuperlayer];
    
    
    UIBezierPath *backBezierPath = [UIBezierPath
                                        bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height)
                                        byRoundingCorners:UIRectCornerTopLeft | UIRectCornerTopRight
                                        cornerRadii:CGSizeMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*0)];

    /**
     * UIBezierPath 有个原生的方法- (void)appendPath:(UIBezierPath *)bezierPath, 这个方法作用是俩个路径有叠加的部分则会镂空.
     * 这个方法实现原理应该是path的FillRule 默认是FillRuleEvenOdd(CALayer 有一个fillRule属性的规则就有kCAFillRuleEvenOdd), 而EvenOdd 是一个奇偶规则,奇数则显示,偶数则不显示.叠加则是偶数故不显示
     */
    // 历史记录 贝塞尔path：UIBezierPath（清晰 镂空layer）
//    UIBezierPath *backBezierPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:self.bounds];
    UIBezierPath *history_Path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*2, k_Height_StatusBar + [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*(27+ 46 + 60), [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*80) cornerRadius:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*5];    
    
    [backBezierPath appendPath:history_Path]; // 可以多个path叠加(同一个path之中可以添加多个子path)
    // [backBezierPath appendPath:matchCalendar_Path];
    // [backBezierPath appendPath:often_Path];
    
    // 创建 底层layer
    _mask_Layer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    _mask_Layer.path        = [backBezierPath CGPath];
    _mask_Layer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd; // 这个属性fillRule要加上，有时候，防止默认不生效
    // 遮罩
    self.layer.mask = self.mask_Layer;
    
    
    /** 给镂空图 添加一个虚线边框： */
    // 边界框 layer（可以设置成 虚线，将镂空位置框起来）
    UIBezierPath *history_linePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*1, k_Height_StatusBar + [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*(27+ 46 + 60 -1), [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2+[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*2, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*(80 + 2)) cornerRadius:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*5];
    
    _history_lineLayer = [[CAShapeLayer alloc] init];
    _history_lineLayer.lineWidth = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*1;
    // 颜色
    _history_lineLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
    // 背景填充色
    _history_lineLayer.fillColor = UIColor.clearColor.CGColor;
    _history_lineLayer.lineDashPattern = @[@4, @4];
    _history_lineLayer.path = [history_linePath CGPath];
    [self.layer addSublayer:self.history_lineLayer];
    
    self.titleL.hidden = NO;
    self.skipBut.hidden = NO;
    self.nextBut.hidden = NO;
}

- (void)setupUI {
    
    _titleL = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    _titleL.text = @"新手引导";
    _titleL.textColor = UIColor.whiteColor;
    _titleL.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
    _titleL.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*18 weight:UIFontWeightBlack];
    [self addSubview:self.titleL];
    [self.titleL makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.mas_equalTo(self.mas_top).offset(k_Height_StatusBar);
        make.left.mas_equalTo(self.mas_left).offset([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*20);
    }];
    
    _skipBut = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    [_skipBut setTitle:@"跳过" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [_skipBut setTitleColor:UIColor.whiteColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    _skipBut.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*16 weight:UIFontWeightMedium];
    _skipBut.contentHorizontalAlignment =UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentRight;
    [self.skipBut addTarget:self action:@selector(skip_TeachStepsAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self addSubview:self.skipBut];
    [self.skipBut makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.centerY.equalTo(self.titleL);
        make.right.mas_equalTo(self.mas_right).offset(-[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*20);
        make.width.mas_equalTo([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*50);
        make.height.mas_equalTo([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*20);
    }];
    if (self.skipBut.titleLabel.text.length > 0) {
        NSDictionary *attributeDic = @{NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:NSUnderlineStyleSingle]};
        NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:self.skipBut.titleLabel.text attributes:attributeDic];
        self.skipBut.titleLabel.attributedText = attributedString;
    }
    
    _nextBut = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    [_nextBut setTitle:@"下一步" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [_nextBut setTitleColor:UIColor.whiteColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    _nextBut.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*14 weight:UIFontWeightMedium];
    _nextBut.layer.borderColor = UIColor.whiteColor.CGColor;
    _nextBut.layer.borderWidth = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*2;
    self.nextBut.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
    self.nextBut.layer.cornerRadius = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*4;
    [self addSubview:self.nextBut];
    [self.nextBut makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.centerX.equalTo(self);
        make.top.mas_equalTo(self.mas_top).offset(k_Height_StatusBar + [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*((292 + 20) + (36 + 107 - 5-3) + 40+5 + 100 + 20));
        make.width.mas_equalTo([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*60);
        make.height.mas_equalTo([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/375*25);
    }];
    [self.nextBut addTarget:self action:@selector(guidance_NextAction) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    
    self.titleL.hidden = YES;
    self.skipBut.hidden = YES;
    self.nextBut.hidden = YES;
}


@end