前言
TestNG提供的诸多注解中,用得最频繁的估计是@Test了,该篇文章将对@Test注解进行详述。
@Test详述
- 《TestNG学习之路—TestNG.xml/YAML》提到了allow-return-values属性:如果设置为false,被@Test注解且有return的方法将被忽略执行。
import org.testng.annotations.*;
public class TestNGHelloWorld1 {
@BeforeTest
public void bfTest(){
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!");
}
@Test()
public String helloWorldTest1(){
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
return "@Test return!";
}
@AfterTest
public void AfTest(){
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!");
}
}
如下所示,testng.xml配置allow-return-values为false(默认为false),执行测试会忽略@Test注解的helloWorldTest1方法。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="All Test Suite" allow-return-values="false">
<test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="D:/IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace/TestNG/src/test/resources">
<classes>
<class name="TestNGHelloWorld1"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
输出结果为:
TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!
TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!
===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
- description属性
描述@Test,在测试报告体现。
@Test(description = "test")
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
}
- enabled属性
设置为false,执行测试会忽略@Test注解的helloWorldTest1方法。
@Test(enabled = false)
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
}
- groups属性
对测试方法进行分组,可在类级别或方法级别添加组,类级别分组,表示类里面的所有方法都属于该分组,如下所示。
import org.testng.annotations.*;
@Test(groups = "test")
public class TestNGHelloWorld1 {
@BeforeTest
public void bfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!");
}
@Test(groups = {"test1","test2"})
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
}
@Test(groups = {"test3"})
public void helloWorldTest2() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
@AfterTest
public void AfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!");
}
}
运行分组test分组,但不运行test1分组。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="All Test Suite">
<test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="D:/IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace/TestNG/src/test/resources">
<groups>
<run>
<include name="test"/>
<exclude name="test1"/>
</run>
</groups>
<classes>
<class name="TestNGHelloWorld1"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
输出结果:
TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!
TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!
TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!
===============================================
All Test Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
xml配置组名称等也支持正则表达式,开发/测试人员可更灵活的配置测试,例如:
<groups>
<run>
<!--匹配以test开始的所有组-->
<include name="test.*"/>
<exclude name="test1"/>
</run>
</groups>
<classes>
<class name="TestNGHelloWorld1">
<methods>
<!--匹配包含Test2串的方法-->
<include name=".*Test2.*"/>
</methods>
</class>
</classes>
- dependsOnGroups属性
定义组之间的依赖关系,可使用正则表达式作为参数。
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
public class TestNGHelloWorld1 {
@BeforeTest
public void bfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!");
}
@Test(groups = {"test1"})
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
Assert.assertEquals("1","2");
}
//test3依赖于test1组,如果test1组执行失败,则test3跳过测试
@Test(groups = {"test3"},dependsOnGroups = "test1")
public void helloWorldTest2() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
@AfterTest
public void AfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!");
}
}
执行结果:
TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!
TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!
java.lang.AssertionError: expected [2] but found [1]
Expected :2
Actual :1
<Click to see difference>
at org.testng.Assert.fail(Assert.java:93)
at org.testng.Assert.failNotEquals(Assert.java:512)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEqualsImpl(Assert.java:134)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:189)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:199)
at TestNGHelloWorld1.helloWorldTest1(TestNGHelloWorld1.java:14)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:108)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:661)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:869)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1193)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:126)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:744)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:602)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:380)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:375)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1301)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1226)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1144)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1115)
at org.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:72)
at org.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:123)
Test ignored.
TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!
===============================================
All Test Suite
Total tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Skips: 1
===============================================
- dependsOnMethods属性
定义方法之间的依赖关系,与dependsOnGroups用法类似。可使用正则表达式作为参数。另外,如果依赖于一个碰巧有多个重载版本的方法,那么会调用所有重载的方法。 - timeout属性
设定超时时间(单位为ms),如果执行测试超过该设定时间,则当做失败处理。
@Test(timeOut = 2000)
public void helloWorldTest2() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
- invocationTimeOut属性
该属性和invocationCount结合使用才会工作,耗时值不能超过设置的最大毫秒数。
@Test(invocationCount = 5, invocationTimeOut = 4000)
public void helloWorldTest3() throws InterruptedException{
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("lsss");
}
- invocationCount属性
表示执行的次数。
@Test(threadPoolSize = 3,invocationCount = 2,timeOut = 2000)
public void helloWorldTest2() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
- threadPoolSize属性
表示线程池的内线程的个数。
@Test(threadPoolSize = 3,invocationCount = 2,timeOut = 2000)
public void helloWorldTest2() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
- successPercentage属性
当前方法执行所期望的success的百分比。如下所示,执行10次,如果成功9次,则认为测试通过。
@Test(invocationCount = 10,successPercentage = 9)
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
Assert.assertEquals("1","1");
}
- dataProvider属性
结合@DataProvider使用,后续文章详述。 - dataProviderClass属性
结合@DataProvider使用,后续文章详述。 - alwaysRun属性
如果为true,则该测试方法依然会被运行即使其所依赖的方法执行失败。为false的话,则该测试方法会被skip如果其所依赖的方法执行失败。
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
public class TestNGHelloWorld1 {
@BeforeTest
public void bfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!");
}
@Test()
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
Assert.assertEquals("2", "1");
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods = "helloWorldTest1",alwaysRun = true)
public void helloWorldTest2() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
@AfterTest
public void AfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!");
}
}
执行结果:
TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!
TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!
java.lang.AssertionError: expected [1] but found [2]
Expected :1
Actual :2
<Click to see difference>
at org.testng.Assert.fail(Assert.java:93)
at org.testng.Assert.failNotEquals(Assert.java:512)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEqualsImpl(Assert.java:134)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:189)
at org.testng.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:199)
at TestNGHelloWorld1.helloWorldTest1(TestNGHelloWorld1.java:15)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:108)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:661)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:869)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1193)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:126)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:744)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:602)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:380)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:375)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1301)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1226)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1144)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1115)
at org.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:72)
at org.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:123)
TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!
TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!
===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
- expectedExceptions属性
属性expectedExceptions是一组类,包含了这个测试方法中预期会抛出的异常列表。如果没有抛出异常,或抛出的异常不再该属性的类表中,那么TestNG就会认为这个测试方法失败了。以下测试执行通过。
@Test(expectedExceptions = ArithmeticException.class)
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
int c = 1/0;
Assert.assertEquals("1", "1");
}
- expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp属性
异常信息正则表达式。以下测试执行通过。
@Test(expectedExceptions = ArithmeticException.class,expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = ".*zero")
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
int c = 1/0;
Assert.assertEquals("1", "1");
}
- suiteName属性
测试套件名称。 - testName属性
测试名称,跟description属性作用类似。 - singleThreaded属性
如果设置为true,那么这个测试类中的所有方法都保证在同一个线程中运行,即使测试当前使用parallel="methods"运行。这个属性只能在类级别使用,如果在方法级别使用,它将被忽略。 - retryAnalyzer属性
TestNG重试机制,后续文章详解。 - skipFailedInvocations属性
是否跳过失败的调用,如果不跳过,可能会导致测试用例的死锁。 - ignoreMissingDependencies属性
如果为true,找不到依赖也继续执行。
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
public class TestNGHelloWorld1 {
@BeforeTest
public void bfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 beforTest!");
}
@Test(expectedExceptions = ArithmeticException.class, expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = ".*zero")
public void helloWorldTest1() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test1!");
int c = 1 / 0;
Assert.assertEquals("1", "1");
}
@Test(dependsOnGroups = "test",ignoreMissingDependencies = true)
public void helloWorldTest2() {
Assert.assertEquals("1", "1");
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 Test2!");
}
@AfterTest
public void AfTest() {
System.out.println("TestNGHelloWorld1 AfterTest!");
}
}
- priority属性
标注测试方法的优先级。较低的优先级将优先执行。
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