引言
笔者之前一直使用Jmeter做接口测试，也围绕Jmeter做了一些功能集成，比如：生成excle结果文件、数据库断言、自动提交缺陷、自动更新案例执行结果至Testlink等。虽说Jmeter简单易上手，但大批量执行测试案例时，响应时间较长，这对向来追求测试效率的笔者而言，无疑是心头之痛。
很早就听说过Rest Assured,TestNg两大框架，也看过一些相关的文章，但苦于各种原因，一直都是浅尝辄止。这两天心血来潮，尝试使用Rest Assured+TestNg来实现数据驱动的接口测试，谁知不“尝（试）”则已，一“尝”惊人，实在是接口测试人员的福音。
框架介绍
- Rest Assured
REST Assured是一个可以简化HTTP Builder顶层，基于REST服务的测试过程的Java DSL（针对某一领域，具有受限表达性的一种计算机程序设计语言）。它支持发起POST,GET,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS,PATCH和HEAD请求，并且可以用来验证和校对这些请求的响应信息。
- TestNg
TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from unit testing (testing a class in isolation of the others) to integration testing (testing entire systems made of several classes, several packages and even several external frameworks, such as application servers).
- ReportNg
ReportNG is a simple HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG unit-testing framework.
实现功能
- 读取excel测试案例数据。
- 发送请求。
- 断言。
- 生成测试报告。
实现步骤
1、代码结构及案例模板
代码结构
案例模板（部分字段预留后续使用）
2、新建maven项目并配置pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.test.restassured</groupId>
<artifactId>restassured</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.jexcelapi</groupId>
<artifactId>jxl</artifactId>
<version>2.6.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 依赖reportNg 关联testNg-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.uncommons</groupId>
<artifactId>reportng</artifactId>
<version>1.1.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- 依赖Guice -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>guice</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 添加插件,添加ReportNg的监听器，修改最后的TestNg的报告 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<configuration>
<properties>
<property>
<name>usedefaultlisteners</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>listener</name>
<value>org.uncommons.reportng.HTMLReporter,org.uncommons.reportng.JUnitXMLReporter</value>
</property>
</properties>
<workingDirectory>target/</workingDirectory>
<forkMode>always</forkMode>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3、配置ReportNg监听
reportNg监听
4、读取案例数据
由于TestNg的@DataProvider注释返回的是二维数组，所以需读取excel案例数据保存到一个二维数组。
public class ReadExcelCases {
public static Object[][] readCases(String filePath) throws IOException, BiffException {
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(inputStream);
Sheet sheet = rwb.getSheet(0);
int rsRows = sheet.getRows(); // 获取总行数
int rsColums = sheet.getColumns();//获取总列数
int countY = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < rsRows; i++) {
if(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents().equals("Y")) //统计需要执行的案例数
countY++;
}
Object[][] cases = new Object[countY][rsColums];
int x =0;
for (int i = 1; i < rsRows; i++) {
if(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents().equals("Y")){ //执行标识为“Y”才记录数组
for (int j = 0; j < rsColums; j++) {
cases[x][j] = sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents();
}
x++;
}
}
return cases;
}
}
TestNg的@Test传参有多种方法，具体可百度，本例子使用@DataProvider来传参。
public class CasesDataProvider {
@DataProvider(name = "casesProvider")
public static Object[][] caseProvider() throws IOException, BiffException {
String filePath = ".\\src\\test\\testCases\\发送短信.xls"; //测试案例相对路径
Object[][] cases = ReadExcelCases.readCases(filePath);
return cases;
}
}
5、执行案例
public class RunTest {
@BeforeClass
public void setUp() {
RestAssured.baseURI = "http://XX.XXX.XXX.XXX"; //请求IP
RestAssured.basePath = "v1/gateway.do";
RestAssured.port = 8187;
}
@Test(dataProvider = "casesProvider", dataProviderClass = CasesDataProvider.class)
public void runCases(String caseNo, String testPoit, String preResult, String YorN, String tableCheck, String appId, String merchantId, String api, String version,
String phone, String bizTransaction, String acctType) {
String bodyString = "{\n" +
"\t\"appId\":\"" + appId + "\",\n" +
"\t\"api\":\"" + api + "\",\n" +
"\t\"data\":{\n" +
"\t\t\"merchantId\":\"" + merchantId + "\",\n" +
"\t\t\"bizTransaction\":\"" + bizTransaction + "\",\n" +
"\t\t\"phone\":\"" + phone + "\",\n" +
"\t\t\"acctType\":\"" + acctType + "\"\n" +
"\t\t},\n" +
"\t\"version\":\"" + version + "\"\n" +
"}\n";
Response response = given()
.contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")
.request()
.body(bodyString)
.post();
response.prettyPrint();//格式化响应报文
//断言
String json = response.asString();
JsonPath jp = new JsonPath(json);
if(response.statusCode() == 200){ //请求成功
Assert.assertEquals(jp.get("message").toString(),preResult);
}else{
Assert.assertEquals(jp.get("data.errMsg").toString(),preResult);
}
}
}
6、测试报告
当然，ReportNg测试报告支持自定义，百度还是好多资源的，后续笔者再做探究。
测试报告
测试报告
展望
以上只是Rest Assured+TestNg强大功能的冰山一角，后续笔者再慢慢摸索。另外，既然迈出了这一步，那怎么也得展望一下未来，笔者打算后续搞个接口测试平台玩玩。
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