Bias in research publishing Clak Holds warth Demographic bias: when groups, such as women, people of color, or members of underrepresented minority groups, face discrimination or unequal treatment based on their personal characteristics, such as race, gender, or ethnicity.
研究发表中的偏见克拉克认为人口统计学偏见:当女性、有色人种或代表性不足的少数群体成员因其个人特征(如种族、性别或民族)而面临歧视或不平等待遇时。
o Institutional bias: when researchers from less well-funded institutions or those working outside of major research centers face discrimination or unequal opportunities.
机构偏见:来自资金不足的机构或在主要研究中心以外工作的研究人员面临歧视或机会不平等。
Language bias: when non-English-speaking researchers face discrimination or unequal opportunities due to the language of their research.
语言偏见:当非英语研究人员因其研究的语言而面临歧视或不平等的机会时。
Confirmation bias: when decision-makers in the publication process have a preconceived idea of what constitutes good research and may overlook or dismiss work that doesn't fit this mold.
确认偏误:当决策者在发表过程中对什么是好的研究有一个先入为主的想法，可能会忽视或驳回不符合这种模式的工作。
Publication bias: when only positive results are published and negative or inconclusive results are not reported, leading to a skewed view of the evidence.
发表偏倚:只发表了积极的结果，而没有报道消极或不确定的结果，导致对证据的看法有偏差。
o Peer reviewer bias: when peer reviewers have biases that impact their evaluation of research.
o同行审稿人偏见:当同行审稿人有偏见影响他们对研究的评估时。
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