前言:
各位同学大家好 有段时间没有给大家更新文章了 (因为之前一直在忙购房贷款的事情 所以停更 实在不好意思)今天要讲的是鸿蒙里面轻量级数据 DatabaseHelper基本用法一些技巧 那么废话不多说我们正式开始
效果图
image.pngimage.png
image.png
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image.png
1介绍
轻量级偏好数据库是轻量级存储,主要用于保存应用的一些常用配置。它是使用键值对的形式来存储数据的,保存数据时,需要给这条数据提供一个键,读取数据时再通过这个键把对应的值取出来。
说明
image.png通过观察源码 轻量级偏好数据库值的存储数据类型包括整型、长整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符串型、字符串型Set集合。数据存储在本地文件中,同时也加载在内存中,不适合需要存储大量数据和频繁改变数据的场景,建议存储的数据不超过一万条。
2 创建数据库
创建数据库使用数据库操作的辅助类DatabaseHelper,通过DatabaseHelper的getPreferences(String name)方法可以获取到对应文件名的Preferences实例,再通过Preferences提供的方法进行数据库的相关操作。
DatabaseHelper的构造需要传入context,Ability和AbilitySlice都实现了ohos.app.Context接口。因此可以从应用中的Ability或AbilitySlice调用getContext()方法来获得context。
Preferences的数据存储在文件中,因此需要指定存储的文件名,其取值不能为空,也不能包含路径,默认存储目录可以通过Context.getPreferencesDir()获取。
DatabaseHelper databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
String filename = "pdb";
Preferences preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
3 写入数据
我们这边在拿到输入框输入的数字和文字 然后在按钮点击的是调用preferences 里面put 方法将数据存储起来
通过Preferences的putString(String var1, String var2)和putInt(String var1, int var2)方法可以将数据写入Preferences实例,通过flush()或者flushSync()将Preferences实例持久化。
flush()会立即更改内存中的Preferences对象,但会将更新异步写入磁盘。flushSync()更改内存中的数据的同时会将数据同步写入磁盘。由于flushSync()是同步的,建议不要从主线程调用它,以避免界面卡顿。
/***
* 写入数据
*
*
*/
private void btnWrite() {
btnWrite.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String fruit = textFiledFruit.getText();
try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(textFiledNumber.getText());
preferences.putInt("number",number);
preferences.putString("fruit",fruit);
preferences.flush();
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Write to DB file success").show();
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Please input number in Number row").show();
}
}
});
}
4 读取数据
我们通过调用 preferences 中的get方法来获取存储在DataBase库中的数据
通过Preferences的getString(String var1, String var2)和getInt(String var1, int var2)方法传入键来获取对应的值;如果键不存在,则返回默认值。
例如获取上述fruit和number键的值,如果fruit和number键不存在,则会分别返回""和0值。通过默认值的设置,来避免程序出现异常。
/***
*
* 读取数据
*
*/
private void btnRead() {
btnRead.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String string = String.format(Locale.ENGLISH,"Fruit: %s,Number: %d",
preferences.getString("fruit", ""),preferences.getInt("number", 0));
new ToastDialog(context).setText(string).show();
}
});
}
5 删除数据库
通过DatabaseHelper的deletePreferences(String name)方法删除指定文件。
删除指定文件时,应用不允许再使用该实例进行数据操作,否则会出现数据一致性问题。以删除上述名称为"pdb"的文件为例。
/**
* 删除数据
*
*/
private void btnDelete() {
btnDelete.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
if (databaseHelper.deletePreferences(filename)) {
preferences.clear();
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Delete DB file success").show();
} else {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Delete DB file failed").show();
}
}
});
}
说明
轻量级偏好数据库支持数据库文件的创建、移动,数据的查询、插入、删除,以及支持注册观察者来观察数据是否发生变化。详细信息可参考轻量级偏好数据库。
6 缓存list 数据
通过观察源码我们发现 DatabaseHelper轻量级数据库是没有办法直接存储我们的list集合 这个是我们该怎么办 我们通过将List转成json字符串 然后将json存起来 我们在取值的拿到json字符串在还原成list就可以实现了 为了方便演示我们这边写了一个工具类
-
1存储list的方法
/**
* 4.存储list
*/
public static void putSelectBean(Context context, List<UserBean> phoneList, String key) {
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(phoneList);
preferences.putString(key, json);
preferences.flush();
}
我们写了一个 putSelectBean 来存储我们的list
-
2读取 list的方法
/**
* 读取list
*/
public static List<UserBean> getSelectBean(Context context, String key) {
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = preferences.getString(key, null);
Type type = new TypeToken<List<UserBean>>() {
}.getType();
List<UserBean> arrayList = gson.fromJson(json, type);
return arrayList;
}
-
3具体存储list调用
/***
*
* 缓存list 集合类型数据
*
*/
private void btnSavelist() {
btnsavelist.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
UserBean userBean=new UserBean();
userBean.setUsername("test");
userBean.setPassword("123456");
List<UserBean> datalist=new ArrayList<>();
datalist.add(userBean);
DataBaseUtil.putSelectBean(context,datalist,"datalist");
new ToastDialog(context).setText("写入成功").show();
}
});
}
-
4读取list类型数据调用
/***
*
* 读取list 集合类型数据
*
*/
private void btnReadList(){
btn_read_list.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
List<UserBean>getData= (List<UserBean>) DataBaseUtil.getSelectBean(context,"datalist");
UserBean userBean= getData.get(0);
new ToastDialog(context).setText(userBean.getUsername()+userBean.getPassword()).show();
}
});
}
7 DatabaseHelper存储的简单封装
我们在使用 DatabaseHelper的时候每次都要
DatabaseHelper databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
String filename = "pdb";
Preferences preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
然后调用 preferences 的put方法存储 和get方法读取 代码显得不是很简洁 我们做一个简单的工具类封装即可
-
1存储方法的封装
private static String filename = "pdb";
private static Preferences preferences;
private static DatabaseHelper databaseHelper;
/**
* 保存数据的方法,我们需要拿到保存数据的具体类型,然后根据类型调用不同的保存方法
*
* @param context
* @param key
* @param object
* @param :DataBaseUtil.setParam(this, "key", "value");
* key -- userid / accountId obj==
*/
public static void setParam(Context context, String key, Object object) {
String type = "String";
if (object != null) {
type = object.getClass().getSimpleName();
}
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
if ("String".equals(type)) {
preferences.putString(key, (String) object);
} else if ("Integer".equals(type) || "int".equals(type)) {
preferences.putInt(key, (Integer) object);
} else if ("Boolean".equals(type) || "boolean".equals(type)) {
preferences.putBoolean(key, (Boolean) object);
} else if ("Float".equals(type) || "float".equals(type)) {
preferences.putFloat(key, (Float) object);
} else if ("Long".equals(type) || "long".equals(type)) {
preferences.putLong(key, (Long) object);
}
preferences.flush();
}
-
2 读取方法的简单封装
/**
* 得到保存数据的方法,我们根据默认值得到保存的数据的具体类型,然后调用相对于的方法获取值
*
* @param context
* @param key 关键字
* @param defaultObject 若取回空值则返回此默认值
* @param :DataBaseUtil.getParam(Activity.this, "key", "defaultValue");
* @return
*/
public static Object getParam(Context context, String key, Object defaultObject) {
String type = "String";
if (defaultObject != null) {
type = defaultObject.getClass().getSimpleName();
}
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
if ("String".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getString(key, (String) defaultObject);
} else if ("Integer".equals(type) || "int".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getInt(key, (Integer) defaultObject);
} else if ("Boolean".equals(type) || "boolean".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getBoolean(key, (Boolean) defaultObject);
} else if ("Float".equals(type) || "float".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getFloat(key, (Float) defaultObject);
} else if ("Long".equals(type) || "long".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getLong(key, (Long) defaultObject);
}
return null;
}
-
具体调用
/***
*
* 调用工具类方法存储
*/
private void btnSavetoutils() {
btnsave_toutils.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String fruit = textFiledFruit.getText();
try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(textFiledNumber.getText());
DataBaseUtil.setParam(context,"number",number);
DataBaseUtil.setParam(context,"fruit",fruit);
new ToastDialog(context).setText("写入成功").show();
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Please input number in Number row").show();
}
}
});
}
完整示例
-
1 xml布局代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="vertical">
<Text
ohos:id="$+id:text_fruit_tag"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:text_element"
ohos:layout_alignment="left"
ohos:text="Fruit"
ohos:text_size="85"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:text_color="#000000"
/>
<TextField
ohos:id="$+id:text_fruit"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:text_element"
ohos:layout_alignment="left"
ohos:text="Orange"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
ohos:text_color="#000000"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:basement="#000099"
/>
<Text
ohos:id="$+id:text_number_tag"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:text_element"
ohos:layout_alignment="left"
ohos:text="Number"
ohos:text_size="85"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
ohos:text_color="#000000"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
/>
<TextField
ohos:id="$+id:text_number"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:text_element"
ohos:layout_alignment="left"
ohos:text="25"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
ohos:text_color="#000000"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:basement="#000099"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:write_btn"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="写入缓存"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:read_btn"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="读取缓存"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:delete_btn"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="删除缓存"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:save_list"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="存储list"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:read_list"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="读取list"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
<Button
ohos:id="$+id:save_toutils"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="35vp"
ohos:text="工具类缓存调用"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_element"
ohos:text_size="50"
ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
ohos:top_margin="25vp"
ohos:right_margin="20vp"
ohos:left_margin="20vp"
/>
</DirectionalLayout>
-
2 布局效果图
-
3 java逻辑代码
package com.example.datademo.slice;
import com.example.datademo.ResourceTable;
import com.example.datademo.bean.UserBean;
import com.example.datademo.utils.DataBaseUtil;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.TextField;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.data.DatabaseHelper;
import ohos.data.preferences.Preferences;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
private Context context;
private Button btnWrite;
private Button btnRead;
private Button btnDelete;
private TextField textFiledFruit;
private TextField textFiledNumber;
private String filename;
private Preferences preferences;
private DatabaseHelper databaseHelper;
private Button btnsavelist;
private Button btnsave_toutils;
private Button btn_read_list;
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent) {
super.onStart(intent);
super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
context = getContext();
btnWrite = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_write_btn);
btnRead = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_read_btn);
btnDelete = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_delete_btn);
textFiledFruit = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_fruit);
textFiledNumber = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_number);
btnsavelist= (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_save_list);
btnsave_toutils= (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_save_toutils);
btn_read_list= (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_read_list);
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
filename = "pdb";
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
btnWrite();
btnRead();
btnDelete();
btnSavelist();
btnSavetoutils();
btnReadList();
}
/***
* 写入数据
*
*
*/
private void btnWrite() {
btnWrite.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String fruit = textFiledFruit.getText();
try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(textFiledNumber.getText());
preferences.putInt("number",number);
preferences.putString("fruit",fruit);
preferences.flush();
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Write to DB file success").show();
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Please input number in Number row").show();
}
}
});
}
/***
*
* 读取数据
*
*/
private void btnRead() {
btnRead.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String string = String.format(Locale.ENGLISH,"Fruit: %s,Number: %d",
preferences.getString("fruit", ""),preferences.getInt("number", 0));
new ToastDialog(context).setText(string).show();
}
});
}
/**
* 删除数据
*
*/
private void btnDelete() {
btnDelete.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
if (databaseHelper.deletePreferences(filename)) {
preferences.clear();
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Delete DB file success").show();
} else {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Delete DB file failed").show();
}
}
});
}
/***
*
* 缓存list 集合类型数据
*
*/
private void btnSavelist() {
btnsavelist.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
UserBean userBean=new UserBean();
userBean.setUsername("test");
userBean.setPassword("123456");
List<UserBean> datalist=new ArrayList<>();
datalist.add(userBean);
DataBaseUtil.putSelectBean(context,datalist,"datalist");
new ToastDialog(context).setText("写入成功").show();
}
});
}
/***
*
* 调用工具类方法存储
*/
private void btnSavetoutils() {
btnsave_toutils.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
String fruit = textFiledFruit.getText();
try {
int number = Integer.parseInt(textFiledNumber.getText());
DataBaseUtil.setParam(context,"number",number);
DataBaseUtil.setParam(context,"fruit",fruit);
new ToastDialog(context).setText("写入成功").show();
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
new ToastDialog(context).setText("Please input number in Number row").show();
}
}
});
}
/***
*
* 读取list 集合类型数据
*
*/
private void btnReadList(){
btn_read_list.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component component) {
List<UserBean>getData= (List<UserBean>) DataBaseUtil.getSelectBean(context,"datalist");
UserBean userBean= getData.get(0);
new ToastDialog(context).setText(userBean.getUsername()+userBean.getPassword()).show();
}
});
}
}
-
4 bean 类
package com.example.datademo.bean;
/***
*
* 创建人:xuqing
* 创建时间:2021年6月20日20:54:28
* 类说明:用户账号密码 bean类
*
*
*/
public class UserBean {
private String username;
private String password;
public UserBean() {
}
public UserBean(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "UserBean{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
-
4 工具类核心代码
package com.example.datademo.utils;
import com.example.datademo.bean.UserBean;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.data.DatabaseHelper;
import ohos.data.preferences.Preferences;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
public class DataBaseUtil {
private static String filename = "pdb";
private static Preferences preferences;
private static DatabaseHelper databaseHelper;
/**
* 保存数据的方法,我们需要拿到保存数据的具体类型,然后根据类型调用不同的保存方法
*
* @param context
* @param key
* @param object
* @param :DataBaseUtil.setParam(this, "key", "value");
* key -- userid / accountId obj==
*/
public static void setParam(Context context, String key, Object object) {
String type = "String";
if (object != null) {
type = object.getClass().getSimpleName();
}
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
if ("String".equals(type)) {
preferences.putString(key, (String) object);
} else if ("Integer".equals(type) || "int".equals(type)) {
preferences.putInt(key, (Integer) object);
} else if ("Boolean".equals(type) || "boolean".equals(type)) {
preferences.putBoolean(key, (Boolean) object);
} else if ("Float".equals(type) || "float".equals(type)) {
preferences.putFloat(key, (Float) object);
} else if ("Long".equals(type) || "long".equals(type)) {
preferences.putLong(key, (Long) object);
}
preferences.flush();
}
/**
* 得到保存数据的方法,我们根据默认值得到保存的数据的具体类型,然后调用相对于的方法获取值
*
* @param context
* @param key 关键字
* @param defaultObject 若取回空值则返回此默认值
* @param :DataBaseUtil.getParam(Activity.this, "key", "defaultValue");
* @return
*/
public static Object getParam(Context context, String key, Object defaultObject) {
String type = "String";
if (defaultObject != null) {
type = defaultObject.getClass().getSimpleName();
}
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
if ("String".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getString(key, (String) defaultObject);
} else if ("Integer".equals(type) || "int".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getInt(key, (Integer) defaultObject);
} else if ("Boolean".equals(type) || "boolean".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getBoolean(key, (Boolean) defaultObject);
} else if ("Float".equals(type) || "float".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getFloat(key, (Float) defaultObject);
} else if ("Long".equals(type) || "long".equals(type)) {
return preferences.getLong(key, (Long) defaultObject);
}
return null;
}
//删除数据
public static void removeParam(Context context, Object defaultObject) {
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
preferences.clear();
}
/**
* 4.存储list
*/
public static void putSelectBean(Context context, List<UserBean> phoneList, String key) {
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(phoneList);
preferences.putString(key, json);
preferences.flush();
}
/**
* 读取list
*/
public static List<UserBean> getSelectBean(Context context, String key) {
databaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
preferences = databaseHelper.getPreferences(filename);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = preferences.getString(key, null);
Type type = new TypeToken<List<UserBean>>() {
}.getType();
List<UserBean> arrayList = gson.fromJson(json, type);
return arrayList;
}
//存数据到SD卡里面
public static void storetosd(File file, List<UserBean> data) {
try {
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(data);
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
os.write(json.getBytes("utf-8"));
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//读取SD卡里面的数据
public static List<UserBean> readbysd(File file) {
List<UserBean> arrayList = null;
Gson gson = new Gson();
try {
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
byte[] data = new byte[is.available()];
is.read(data);
String content = new String(data, "utf-8");
Type type = new TypeToken<List<UserBean>>() {
}.getType();
arrayList = gson.fromJson(content, type);
is.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return arrayList;
}
}
到此DatabaseHelper基本就讲完了 恭喜你看完此文你就会掌握了鸿蒙轻量级数据库DatabaseHelper的用法和使用技巧
最后总结
鸿蒙的 DatabaseHelper轻量级数据库和安卓的 sharepreferences 用法和类似都是默认只能存储基本数据类型 但是鸿蒙提供了 flush 和 flushSync 两个方法 将Preferences实例持久化。 flush()会立即更改内存中的Preferences对象,但会将更新异步写入磁盘。flushSync()更改内存中的数据的同时会将数据同步写入磁盘。由于flushSync()是同步的,建议不要从主线程调用它,以避免界面卡顿。 这里和安卓还是有些许区别 同学们要注意。使用起来 DatabaseHelper也比较方便和简单。以及一些非基本数据类型怎么转化来存储我也讲到了 同学有兴趣可以下载代码来看看 最后希望我的文章能帮助到各位解决问题 ,以后我还会贡献更多有用的代码分享给大家。各位同学如果觉得文章还不错 ,麻烦给关注和star,小弟在这里谢过啦!
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