Django入门

将终端切换到项目目录：
1.建立虚拟环境 : python3 -m venv myproject_env

chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ python3 -m venv myproject_env
chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

2.激活虚拟环境 :source myproject_env/bin/activate

chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ source myproject_env/bin/activate
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

3.安装Django : pip3 install Django

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ pip3 install Django
Collecting Django
  Using cached Django-1.11.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pytz (from Django)
  Using cached pytz-2017.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pytz, Django
Successfully installed Django-1.11.5 pytz-2017.2
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

4.在Django中创建项目 (注意最后面有一个点): django-admin.py startproject myproject .

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ django-admin.py startproject myproject .
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

5.创建数据库 : python3 manage.py migrate

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ python3 manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

6.查看项目是否正确创建 : python3 manage.py runserver

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ python3 manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
September 06, 2017 - 08:04:39
Django version 1.11.5, using settings 'myproject.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

7.在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/，若出现如下页面说明一切正常。
若出现错误信息”That port is already in use”(指定端口已被占用)，请执行命令python3 manage.py runserver 8001，让Django使用另一个端口。

Welcome to Django

8.创建应用程序：python3 manage.py startapp myprojects

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ python3 manage.py startapp myprojects
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

9.定义模型
在models.py文件中定义模型。

10.激活模型
打开settings.py在INSTALLED_APPS中添加上前面创建的应用程序

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    #我的应用程序
    'myprojects'
]

接下来，需要让Django修改数据库，使其能够存储与模型相关的信息，为此，在终端执行命令：python3 manage.py makemigrations myprojects
然后，再执行命令：python3 manage.py migrate
注意：每次修改models.py文件后都必须执行以上两条命令。

11.创建超级用户：python3 manage.py createsuperuser

(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'chason'): myproject_admin
Email address: 
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.
(myproject_env) chasondeiMac:myproject chason$ 

12.向管理网站注册模型
在admin.py文件中添加admin.site.register(模型名字)，之前别忘了导包。