fork join

fork join框架是JDK7中出现的一款高效的工具，Java开发人员可以通过它充分利用现代服务器上的多处理器。它是专门为了那些可以递归划分成许多子模块设计的，目的是将所有可用的处理能力用来提升程序的性能。fork join框架一个巨大的优势是它使用了工作窃取算法，可以完成更多任务的工作线程可以从其它线程中窃取任务来执行。你可以查看这篇文章获得更多信息。

fork join：

1. this aticle's author is Doug La
   http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/papers/fj.pdf
2. it could the translation of the passage above.
   http://ifeve.com/a-java-fork-join-framework/
3. this is a passage write after the poster read the source code of ForkJoinTask
   http://ifeve.com/talk-concurrency-forkjoin/

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;


public class CountTask extends RecursiveTask {

    private static final int THRESHOLD = 2;//阈值

    private int start;

    private int end;

    public CountTask(int start, int end) {

        this.start = start;

        this.end = end;

    }

    @Override

    protected Integer compute() {

        int sum = 0;

        //如果任务足够小就计算任务

        boolean canCompute = (end - start) <= THRESHOLD;

        if (canCompute) {

            for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {

                sum += i;

            }

        } else {

            //如果任务大于阀值，就分裂成两个子任务计算

            int middle = (start + end) / 2;

            CountTask leftTask = new CountTask(start, middle);

            CountTask rightTask = new CountTask(middle + 1, end);

            //执行子任务

            leftTask.fork();

            rightTask.fork();

            //等待子任务执行完，并得到其结果

            int leftResult = (Integer)leftTask.join();

            int rightResult = (Integer)rightTask.join();

            //合并子任务

            sum = leftResult + rightResult;

        }

        return sum;

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();

        //生成一个计算任务，负责计算1+2+3+4

        CountTask task = new CountTask(1, 4);

        //执行一个任务

        Future result = forkJoinPool.submit(task);

        try {

            System.out.println(result.get());

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

        } catch (ExecutionException e) {

        }

    }

}

ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
这里会开启线程，这个是处理线程所在的线程池。
ForkJoinPool 的属性{
   volatile WorkQueue[] workQueues;     // main registry
    final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory;
}
workQueues的属性｛
        ForkJoinTask<?>[] array;   // the elements (initially unallocated)
        final ForkJoinPool pool;   /
｝

所以workQueues代表  一些列ForkJoinTask队列。

处理线程来源于：
static final class DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory
        implements ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory {
        public final ForkJoinWorkerThread newThread(ForkJoinPool pool) {
            return new ForkJoinWorkerThread(pool);
        }
    }

然后被：
ForkJoinWorkerThread.run()  处理:
public void run() {
        if (workQueue.array == null) { // only run once
            Throwable exception = null;
            try {
                onStart();
                pool.runWorker(workQueue);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                exception = ex;
            } finally {
                try {
                    onTermination(exception);
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    if (exception == null)
                        exception = ex;
                } finally {
                    pool.deregisterWorker(this, exception);
                }
            }
        }
    }

然后到这里
pool.runWorker

final void runWorker(WorkQueue w) {
        w.growArray();                   // allocate queue
        int seed = w.hint;               // initially holds randomization hint
        int r = (seed == 0) ? 1 : seed;  // avoid 0 for xorShift
        for (ForkJoinTask<?> t;;) {
            if ((t = scan(w, r)) != null)
                w.runTask(t);
            else if (!awaitWork(w, r))
                break;
            r ^= r << 13; r ^= r >>> 17; r ^= r << 5; // xorshift
        }
    }

其中scan 就是传说中的窃取方法。但是没看懂。

所有的一切入口只有两个：
1.threadPool的初始化方法。
2. fork()方法。