In a community, the legislature, policemen and judges selected by the people engage in public affairs related to law. The government refers to the whole body of the three kinds of men, whose duties are making laws, seeing that the laws are obeyed and deciding what the laws mean.
Laws are made by the two houses of the legislature- the upper house and the lower house in the following procedure. Any member of one of the houses proposes a bill to his or her house and next its committee members debate the bill. Then all members of the house take a vote. If ayes are more than noes, the bill is said to have passed that house and goes to the other house being proposed, debated and voted. The bill cannot become a law unless it passed both two houses. Thus it is easy to see the advantages of having two houses in a legislature to avoid careless and bad laws. The number of the men in the two houses differs in different countries.
The second kind of men are public officers of the administration whose duty is to see that the laws are obeyed, the head of whom is called the president. He also has something to do with making laws. It is his duty to advise the legislature what laws he thinks ought to be made. He has the veto power before a bill becomes a law. The vetoed bill should be debated and voted again and it is able to become a law with the two-thirds ayes of both houses.
The judges- whose duty is to explain the laws and the jury- whose duty is to decide on the facts in dispute together form a court. And sometimes the court does not have jury if there is no dispute.
These three sets taken together form a government. It is important for every American citizen to understand what sorts of laws and what officers are selected to attend to the public business.
【outline】
Outline (separation of powers)
1.Law&Gov.
2.the two Houses-make law
3.the administration-see that the laws are obeyed
4.the courts-decide what the laws mean
5.Gov.
【自改思路】
这篇写摘要的难度提升，原文逻辑有些散，所以写摘要不再是跟随行文顺序走了。动笔前首先要确定文章重点讲什么，哪些需要着重笔墨描述，哪些比较次要。本文立法、行政、司法三个机构行文结构上看似并列，其实侧重了立法过程，应对涉及到立法的机构和人员进行整合。一稿虽然有此意向，但依然想偷懒，不敢打破思维定式，提出严重批评。
【安妮说】
1.写摘要，通过实例总结出本质
【精彩表达】
mete out punishment给予惩罚
This explains why ...用于衔接
... As for...用于衔接
Neither the monarch nor the aristocrat could be found in a republic where no inherited position exists.
Same with the monarch, an aristocrat inherits his place from his father.
When we talk about the 'law' of gravitation, we refer to the fact that things always fall towards the ground.
be deterred by the crime-punishing laws
Only after the bill goes through both houses with the majority of each house voting“aye”(yes) for it, it lands on the deskof the president, the head of administration,for a final “yes” or vetodecision. The president’s nod means the bill becomes a law at once, yet a veto will return it to the senate and only a vast majority- over two thirds-in favor at re-votecan keep the bill on the table.学习这一段
【拓展阅读】
附链接：常用法律用语
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