What is Behavior?
什么是行为？
Anything a person says or does
一个人说的或做的任何事
Behavior involves movement and has an impact on the environment
行为涉及到运动并对环境产生影响
Is influenced by environmental events 受环境事件的影响
Can be observed, described, and recorded
可以被观察、描述和记录
Needs to pass the dead man test (teddy bear test)
需要通过死人测试(泰迪熊测试)
If a dead man or teddy bear can do it, then it IS NOT behavior!!!!
如果一个死人或者泰迪熊都能做到，那么这就不是行为！
What is labeling?
什么是标签？
What we do when we group several behaviors or internal events (emotions)
当我们把一些行为或内部事件(情绪)归类时，我们所做的事情
Examples 例子
He is physically aggressive 他身体攻击.
She acted like she was 她表现得就像她自己.
He is non-compliant 他不配合.
Dave is acting 戴夫在演戏
depressed 抑郁的.
Jen is frustrated 珍妮感到沮丧.
More examples of labels
更多标签的例子
Jon will hit other people when he feels frustrated or is upset about something.
当乔恩对某事感到沮丧或不安时，他会打其他人。
Sandy is lazy because she doesn’t do her homework.
桑迪很懒，因为她不做作业。
Why is Sandy lazy? Because she doesn’t do her homework.
桑迪为什么懒? 因为她不做作业。
Paul is in a great mood because he is behaving himself.
保罗心情很好，因为他很守规矩。
Why is this a problem?
为什么这些不是行为呢？
You can’t observe it 你不能观察它
For example, How do you observe “frustration”?
例如，你如何观察“挫折感”？
If you can’t observe it, you can’t measure it
如果你不能观察它，你就不能测量它
People tend to but their own opinions or biases on labels.
人们倾向于对标签持有自己的观点或偏见。
What frustration means to one person is not the same as the next person. People have different experiences with each label and may interpret them differently.
挫折对一个人意味着什么和对下一个人意味着什么不一样。人们对不同的标签有不同的体验，可能会有不同的解释。
Self-report is the only way to measure feelings and internal events
自我报告是衡量感觉和内部事件的唯一方法
Let’s make a comparison
让我们做个比较
Physical Aggression 身体攻击
Joe is hitting his peers with a closed fist with enough intensity to leave a red mark
乔用一只紧握的拳头打他的同龄人，力度之大足以留下一个红色的印记
Joe is being physically aggressive 乔的身体很有攻击性
Which is easier to measure? 哪一个更容易测量？
THE FIRST ONE!!!!! 第一个
Let’s talk about observable behavior and what Behavior Analysts mean when say that.
让我们讨论一下观察到的行为，以及行为分析师在这样说的时候的意思。
Described in specific and observable terms
用具体的和可观察到的术语描述的
It can be measured 它是可以测量的
Data collection is more accurate 数据收集更加准确
People are less likely to include their opinions or interpretations
人们不太可能包括他们的观点或解释
Better data collection is likely to give you a better intervention
更好的数据收集可能会给你更好的干预
How would you classify these behavior or label? (Answers at the bottom)
让我们做个小测试你如何分类以下哪些事行为哪些是标签? (答案在底部)
Smoking 吸烟
Attitude 态度
Naughty 淘气
Punching a mirror 打镜子
Being helpful 乐于助人
Withdrawn 收回
Screaming 尖叫
Yawning 打哈欠
Kicking 踢腿
Non compliance 不服从
Now that we have a behavior we can write an Operational Definition!
现在我们有了一个行为，我们可以写一个操作型定义！
An operational definition includes information about the form and intensity of the behavior so that the behavior can be observed and measured
操作型定义包括行为的形式和强度的信息，这样行为就可以被观察和测量
An operational definition should be clear enough that anyone reading it could demonstrate the behavior after reading the definition
一个操作型定义应该足够清楚，任何人阅读后，可以证明阅读定义的行为
Topography: what it looks or sounds like
形态学: 它看起来或听起来像什么
Intensity: the physical force involved in the behavior (how hard or how loud)
强度: 行为中所包含的身体力量(如何强烈或如何响亮)
Duration: the length of time the response lasts
持续时间: 响应持续的时间长度
Answers for behavior or Label-Check your work
行为或标签的答案-检查你的工作
Smoking-Behavior吸烟-行为
Attitude-Label态度-标签
Naughty-Label淘气-标签
Punching a mirror-Behavior打镜子-行为
Being helpful-Label乐于助人-贴上标签
Withdrawn-Label撤回-标签
Screaming-Behavior尖叫-行为
Yawning-Behavior打哈欠-行为
Kicking-Behavior踢腿-行为
Non compliance-Label不配合-标签
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