查看服务器版本

lsb_release -a

#LSB Version:    :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
#Distributor ID: NFSServer
#Description:    NFS Server release 3.2 (RTM1) 
#Release:        3.2
#Codename:       RTM1

rpm --version

# RPM version 4.11.3

注：RPM为Centos系统
下载并解压安装包

wget -c https://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/sdk/3.1.1/sratoolkit.3.1.1-centos_linux64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf sratoolkit.3.1.1-centos_linux64.tar.gz

加入环境变量或每次运行前运行命令

export PATH=/work/home/acwnw4bl7y/sratoolkit.3.1.1-centos_linux64/bin/:$PATH

测试

prefetch -h

Usage:
  prefetch [options] <SRA accession> [...]
  Download SRA files and their dependencies

  prefetch [options] --perm <JWT cart file> <SRA accession> [...]
  Download SRA files and their dependencies from JWT cart

  prefetch [options] --cart <kart file>
  Download cart file

  prefetch [options] <URL> --output-file <FILE>
  Download URL to FILE

  prefetch [options] <URL> [...] --output-directory <DIRECTORY>
  Download URL or URL-s to DIRECTORY

  prefetch [options] <SRA file> [...]
  Check SRA file for missed dependencies and download them


Options:
  -T|--type <value>                Specify file type to download. Default: sra 
  -t|--transport <http|fasp|both>  Transport: one of: fasp; http; both 
                                   [default]. (fasp only; http only; first try 
                                   fasp (ascp), use http if cannot download 
                                   using fasp). 
  --location <value>               Location of data. 

  -N|--min-size <size>             Minimum file size to download in KB 
                                   (inclusive). 
  -X|--max-size <size>             Maximum file size to download in KB 
                                   (exclusive). Default: 20G 
  -f|--force <yes|no|all|ALL>      Force object download: one of: no, yes, 
                                   all, ALL. no [default]: skip download if the 
                                   object if found and complete; yes: download 
                                   it even if it is found and is complete; all: 
                                   ignore lock files (stale locks or it is 
                                   being downloaded by another process use 
                                   at your own risk!); ALL: ignore lock files, 
                                   restart download from beginning. 
  -r|--resume <yes|no>             Resume partial downloads: one of: no, yes 
                                   [default]. 
  -C|--verify <yes|no>             Verify after download: one of: no, yes 
                                   [default]. 
  -p|--progress                    Show progress. 
  -H|--heartbeat <value>           Time period in minutes to display download 
                                   progress. (0: no progress), default: 1 

  --eliminate-quals                Download SRA Lite files with simplified 
                                   base quality scores, or fail if not 
                                   available. 
  -c|--check-all                   Double-check all refseqs. 
  -S|--check-rs <yes|no|smart>     Check for refseqs in downloaded files: one 
                                   of: no, yes, smart [default]. Smart: skip 
                                   check for large encrypted non-sra files. 
  -o|--order <kart|size>           Kart prefetch order when downloading 
                                   kart: one of: kart, size. (in kart order, by 
                                   file size: smallest first), default: size. 
  -R|--rows <rows>                 Kart rows to download (default all). Row 
                                   list should be ordered. 
  --perm <PATH>                    PATH to jwt cart file. 
  --ngc <PATH>                     PATH to ngc file. 
  --cart <PATH>                    To read kart file. 

  -a|--ascp-path <ascp-binary|private-key-file>  Path to ascp program and 
                                   private key file (asperaweb_id_dsa.putty) 
  --ascp-options <value>           Arbitrary options to pass to ascp command 
                                   line. 

  -o|--output-file <FILE>          Write file to FILE when downloading 
                                   single file. 
  -O|--output-directory <DIRECTORY>  Save files to DIRECTORY/ 

  -h|--help                        Output brief explanation for the program. 
  -V|--version                     Display the version of the program then 
                                   quit. 
  -L|--log-level <level>           Logging level as number or enum string. One 
                                   of (fatal|sys|int|err|warn|info|debug) or 
                                   (0-6) Current/default is warn. 
  -v|--verbose                     Increase the verbosity of the program 
                                   status messages. Use multiple times for more 
                                   verbosity. Negates quiet. 
  -q|--quiet                       Turn off all status messages for the 
                                   program. Negated by verbose. 
  --option-file <file>             Read more options and parameters from the 
                                   file. 

prefetch : 3.1.1

参考资料：

Windows安装Aspera和sratoolkit - 简书 (jianshu.com)