在研究block的类型之前,首先我们要知道c类语言的程序编译后在内存中的分布(由高位向低位排序):
-
栈区
:局部变量 -
堆区
:由"alloc"开辟的空间就是在堆区 -
静态区(全局区)
: 静态变量、 全局变量(注:未初始化的在bss) -
常量区
: 常量 -
代码区
: 二进制代码段
这里我们将MRC和ARC分开讨论:
1、在MRC下有三种类型的block
-
NSGlobalBlock:
位于内存全局区、不调用外部变量或者仅调用静态区常量区的"变量"
CGFloat gFloat = 1.2;
NSString *gStr = @"全局字符串";
@implementation test
-(void)globalTest {
//注:在本例中NSSting分别在内存中的哪个区域呢?
//1、不调用外部变量的block
void(^gblock1)(NSString *) = ^(NSString *str){
NSLog(@"%@",str);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock1);
gblock1(@"传入字符串常量");
//2、仅调用全局变量的block
void(^gblock2)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%lf",gFloat);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock2);
gblock2();
void(^gblock3)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%@",gStr);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock3);
gblock3();
//3、仅调用静态变量的block
static CGFloat sFloat = 2.1;
void(^gblock4)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%lf",sFloat);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock4);
gblock4();
static NSString *staStr = @"静态字符串";
void(^gblock5)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%@",staStr);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock5);
gblock5();
}```
* 控制台输出:
2016-12-06 14:50:22.928972 test_demo[18845:866060] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100001050>
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929176 test_demo[18845:866060] 传入字符串常量
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929221 test_demo[18845:866060] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100001090>
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929246 test_demo[18845:866060] 1.200000
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929268 test_demo[18845:866060] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x1000010d0>
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929288 test_demo[18845:866060] 全局字符串
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929307 test_demo[18845:866060] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100001110>
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929320 test_demo[18845:866060] 2.100000
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929338 test_demo[18845:866060] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100001150>
2016-12-06 14:50:22.929354 test_demo[18845:866060] 静态字符串```
</br>
-
NSStackBlock:
位于内存栈区、仅调用栈区变量
-(void)stackTest {
//局部变量
CGFloat sFloat = 1.1;
void(^sBlock1)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%lf",sFloat);
};
NSLog(@"%@",sBlock1);
sBlock1();
}
- 控制台输出:
2016-12-06 15:04:04.606908 test_demo[18880:873406] <__NSStackBlock__: 0x7fff5fbff6d8>
2016-12-06 15:04:04.607076 test_demo[18880:873406] 1.100000```
* **`NSMallocBlock:`** 位于内存堆区、由栈区copy到堆区
<pre> -(void)mallocTest {
//局部变量
CGFloat sFloat = 1.1;</br>
void(^sBlock1)(void) = ^{</br> NSLog(@"%lf",sFloat);
};
// NSLog(@"%@",sBlock1);
// sBlock1();</br>
void(^mBlock1)(void) = [sBlock1 copy];
NSLog(@"%@",mBlock1);</br>
//@property(copy,nonatomic)void(^mBlock2)(void);
self.mBlock2 = sBlock1;
NSLog(@"%@",self.mBlock2);
}</pre>
* `控制台输出:`
2016-12-06 15:37:07.306385 test_demo[28582:914325] <NSMallocBlock: 0x100402f00>
2016-12-06 15:37:07.306699 test_demo[28582:914325] <NSMallocBlock: 0x100600000>
***
######2、在ARC下,仅存在 `NSGlobalBlock ` 、`NSMallocBlock` 两种block
</br>我们切换到arc环境,并且将 `mallocTest` 中的如下代码注释取消
// NSLog(@"%@",sBlock1);
// sBlock1();```
运行得到输出结果:
2016-12-06 15:52:42.884091 test_demo[35541:942156] <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x100502eb0>
2016-12-06 15:52:42.884379 test_demo[35541:942156] 1.100000
2016-12-06 15:52:42.884416 test_demo[35541:942156] <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x100502eb0>
2016-12-06 15:52:42.884446 test_demo[35541:942156] <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x100502eb0>
由此可以判断,在arc下没有 NSStackBlock
类型变量、并且 copy
操作只是对堆区 block
进行了一次引用,既然如此我接着对 NSGlobalBlock
、NSMallocBlock
进行copy操作:
static NSString *staStr = @"静态字符串";
void(^gblock5)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"%@",staStr);
};
NSLog(@"%@",gblock5);
gblock5();
void(^copyBlock)(void) = [gblock5 copy];
NSLog(@"%@",copyBlock);```
* `控制台输出:`
2016-12-06 16:24:36.832399 test_demo[35671:957646] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100002170>
2016-12-06 16:24:36.832415 test_demo[35671:957646] 静态字符串
2016-12-06 16:24:36.832438 test_demo[35671:957646] <NSGlobalBlock: 0x100002170>
void(^mBlock1)(void) = [sBlock1 copy];
NSLog(@"%@",mBlock1);
void(^copyBlock)(void) = [mBlock1 copy];
NSLog(@"%@",copyBlock);```
控制台输出:
2016-12-06 16:27:10.688490 test_demo[35702:959578] <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x1006000c0>
2016-12-06 16:27:10.688571 test_demo[35702:959578] <__NSMallocBlock__: 0x1006000c0>```
***
##### 总结:
1. 当block中没有引用任何外部变量时或者仅仅调用静态区变量时,编译器直接将block放在静态区(减少堆区的占用有利于性能的)
2. copy 操作对将NSStackBlock拷贝到堆区、对另外两种类型只是强引用
3. arc下是没有NSStackBlock类型block的(block被当做对象处理)
附[测试代码](https://github.com/hanl001/blockType_test)
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