| 一、如何创建线程池? |
1、七大参数介绍
| 1)corePoolSize |
核心线程数,一直存在线程池中(除非设置了allowCoreThreadTimeOut),创建好就等待就绪,去执行任务
| 2)maximumPoolSize |
最大线程数,设置最大线程数是为了控制资源
| 3)keepAliveTime |
存活时间,如果当前的线程数大于核心线程数,并且线程空闲的时间大于存活时间了,则会执行释放线程的操作。(释放的数量为:maximumPoolSize - corePoolSize)
| 4)unit |
时间单位
| 5)workQueue |
阻塞队列,如果任务有很多,就会将目前多的任务放到队列中,当有空闲的线程时,就会从队列中取出新的任务继续执行。
| 6)threadFactory |
线程的创建工厂
| 7)handler |
拒绝策略,如果队列满了,按照我们指定的拒绝策略拒绝执行任务
有哪些拒绝策略?
-
DiscardOldestPolicy
如果有新的任务进来就会丢去最旧的未执行的任务 -
AbortPolicy
直接丢弃新任务,抛出异常 -
CallerRunsPolicy
如果有新任务进来,直接调用run()方法,同步执行操作
-
DiscardPolicy
直接丢弃新进来的任务,不会抛出异常
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
// 常见的创建线程的方式
// 1)Executors . newCachedThreadApol() // 核心为0,所有都可回收的线程池
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
// 2)Ехесutоrѕ . nеwFіхеdТhrеаdРооl() 固定大小的线程池,不会过期
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
// 3)Executors . newScheduledThreadPool() 定时任务的线程池
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
// 4)Executors . newSingleThreadExecutor() 单线程的线程池,后台从队列中获取任务,一个一个执行
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory));
}
问:一个corePoolSize=7 maximumPoolSize=20 workQueue=50的线程池,如果本次有100个并发进来,是如何执行的?
答:7个会立即被执行,50个会进入队列,然后会另外开13个新的线程,剩余的30个线程就需要看当前线程池的拒绝策略了。
| 二、CompletableFeture异步编排 |
1、runAsync 创建异步对象的方式
// 1)无返回值的异步操作
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable) {
return asyncRunStage(asyncPool, runnable);
}
// 2)无返回值的异步操作,可指定线程池
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable,
Executor executor) {
return asyncRunStage(screenExecutor(executor), runnable);
}
// 3)有返回值的异步操作
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier) {
return asyncSupplyStage(asyncPool, supplier);
}
// 4)有返回值的异步操作,可指定线程池
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier,
Executor executor) {
return asyncSupplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), supplier);
}
2、whenComplete 计算完成时回调的方法
1)方法介绍
// 上一个异步完成时执行该方法,和上一个任务用同一个线程
public CompletableFuture<T> whenComplete(
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) {
return uniWhenCompleteStage(null, action);
}
// 上一个异步完成时执行该方法,异步的方式执行
public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action) {
return uniWhenCompleteStage(asyncPool, action);
}
// 上一个异步完成时执行该方法,异步的方式执行,可以自己指定线程池
public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(
BiConsumer<? super T, ? super Throwable> action, Executor executor) {
return uniWhenCompleteStage(screenExecutor(executor), action);
}
// 处理异常
public CompletableFuture<T> exceptionally(
Function<Throwable, ? extends T> fn) {
return uniExceptionallyStage(fn);
}
2)示例代码
// 示例代码线程池
public static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10 / 0;
return n;
}, executor).whenComplete((result,excption) -> {
System.out.println("运行结果:" + result + "异常:" + excption);
}).exceptionally(throwable -> {
// 出现异常 exceptionally感知并处理异常,返回最终结果
return 10;
});
Integer integer = future.get();
System.out.println("最终运行结果:" + integer); // 10
3、handleAsync 方法
1)方法介绍
// 上一个方法执行后作出的处理
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handle(
BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) {
return uniHandleStage(null, fn);
}
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(
BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn) {
return uniHandleStage(asyncPool, fn);
}
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> handleAsync(
BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn, Executor executor) {
return uniHandleStage(screenExecutor(executor), fn);
}
2)示例代码
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10 / 0;
return n;
}, executor).handle((res, exception) -> {
if (res != null) {
// 如果上一个任务没出现异常,修改返回结果
return res * 10;
}
if (exception != null) {
// 上一个任务出现了异常
return 0;
}
return 0;
});
4、线程串行化方法
1)方法介绍
thenApply方法:当一个线程依赖另一个 线程时,狱取上一个任务返回的结果,开返回当前任务的返回值。
thenAccept方法:消费处理结果。接收任务的处理结果,并消费处理,无返回结果。
thenRun方法:只要上面的任务执行完成,就开始执行thenRun,只是处理完任务后,执行thenRun的后续操作
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(
Function<? super T,? extends U> fn) {
return uniApplyStage(null, fn);
}
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(
Function<? super T,? extends U> fn) {
return uniApplyStage(asyncPool, fn);
}
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(
Function<? super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor) {
return uniApplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), fn);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action) {
return uniAcceptStage(null, action);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action) {
return uniAcceptStage(asyncPool, action);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action,
Executor executor) {
return uniAcceptStage(screenExecutor(executor), action);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRun(Runnable action) {
return uniRunStage(null, action);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action) {
return uniRunStage(asyncPool, action);
}
public CompletableFuture<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action,
Executor executor) {
return uniRunStage(screenExecutor(executor), action);
}
2)示例代码
| ① thenRunAsync |
thenRunAsync 不能获取上一步执行结果
// thenRunAsync 不能获取上一步执行结果
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10 / 0;
return n;
}, executor).thenRunAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("线程2运行了!");
}, executor);
| ② thenAcceptAsync |
thenAcceptAsync可以获取上一个任务执行的结果,但是无法对其进行修改
// thenAcceptAsync可以获取上一个任务执行的结果,但是无法对其进行修改
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10;
return n;
}, executor).thenAcceptAsync((res) -> {
// 如果上一个任务产生异常或者执行失败,则不执行该任务
System.out.println("上一个任务获取的结果:" + res);
}, executor);
| ③ thenApplyAsync |
thenApplyAsync 可以获取上一个任务返回的结果,并对其进行修改再返回
CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10;
return n;
}, executor).thenApplyAsync((res) -> {
return res * 2;
}, executor);
Integer result = future.get();
System.out.println("最终返回结果:" + result);
5、组合任务,一个完成
1)方法介绍
applyToEitherAsync:阻塞等待,只要有一个任务完成了,就执行该任务
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> applyToEitherAsync(
CompletionStage<? extends T> other, Function<? super T, U> fn,
Executor executor) {
return orApplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, fn);
}
2)示例代码
CompletableFuture<Integer> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 5;
// 模拟这个任务比较慢完成,让future2先完成,测试applyToEitherAsync 只要有一个任务完成就执行
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return n;
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Integer> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10;
return n;
}, executor);
future1.applyToEitherAsync(future2, res -> {
System.out.println(res);
return res + 1;
}, executor);
6、组合任务,所有的完成
1)方法介绍
public static CompletableFuture<Void> allOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs) {
return andTree(cfs, 0, cfs.length - 1);
}
2)示例代码
CompletableFuture<Integer> future1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("任务1当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 5;
return n;
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Integer> future2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
System.out.println("任务2当前线程号 -> " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
int n = 10;
return n;
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Void> allOf = CompletableFuture.allOf(future1, future2);
// 阻塞等待所有的任务执行完成
allOf.get();
Integer result1 = future1.get();
Integer result2 = future2.get();
让我们来试试项目中如何使用异步编排吧!
| 三、异步编排实际开发 |
1、配置线程池
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "coke.thread")
@Component
@Data
public class ThreadPoolProperties {
private Integer coreSize;
private Integer maxSize;
private Integer keepAliveTime;
}
//@EnableConfigurationProperties(ThreadPoolProperties.class) 如果没有把线程池的常量配置类放到容器中,则使用该注解
@Configuration
public class MyThreadConfig {
@Bean
public ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor(ThreadPoolProperties pool) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(
pool.getCoreSize(),
pool.getMaxSize(),
pool.getKeepAliveTime(),
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(100000),
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
);
}
}
3、示例代码
public SkuItemVo item(Long skuId) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
SkuItemVo skuItemVo = new SkuItemVo();
// supplyAsync 需要返回结果 因为 3 4 5 依赖1
CompletableFuture<SkuInfoEntity> infoFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
// 1、获取sku基本信息 pms_sku_info
SkuInfoEntity skuInfoEntity = getById(skuId);
skuItemVo.setInfo(skuInfoEntity);
return skuInfoEntity;
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Void> saleFuture = infoFuture.thenAcceptAsync((res) -> {
// 3、获取spu的销售属性组合
List<SkuItemSaleAttrVo> skuItemSaleAttrVos = skuSaleAttrValueService.getSaleAttrsBySpuId(res.getSpuId());
skuItemVo.setSaleAttrs(skuItemSaleAttrVos);
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Void> descFuture = infoFuture.thenAcceptAsync((res) -> {
// 4、获取spu的介绍 pms_spu_info_desc
SpuInfoDescEntity spuInfoDescEntity = spuInfoDescService.getById(res.getSpuId());
skuItemVo.setDesp(spuInfoDescEntity);
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Void> baseAttrFuture = infoFuture.thenAcceptAsync((res) -> {
// 5、获取spu的规格参数信息
List<SpuItemAttrGroupVo> attrGroupVos = attrGroupService.getAttrGroupWithAttrsBySpuId(res.getCatalogId(), res.getSpuId());
skuItemVo.setAttrGroups(attrGroupVos);
}, executor);
CompletableFuture<Void> imageFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
// 2、获取sku的图片信息 pms_spu_images
List<SkuImagesEntity> skuImagesEntities = skuImagesService.getImageBySkuId(skuId);
skuItemVo.setImages(skuImagesEntities);
}, executor);
// 6、查询当前sku是否参与秒杀优惠
CompletableFuture<Void> secKillFuture = CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
R skuSecKillInfo = secKillFeignService.getSkuSecKillInfo(skuId);
if (skuSecKillInfo.getCode() == 0) {
SecKillInfoVo skuSecKillInfoData = skuSecKillInfo.getData(new TypeReference<SecKillInfoVo>() {
});
skuItemVo.setSecKillInfoVo(skuSecKillInfoData);
}
}, executor);
// 等到所有任务都完成
CompletableFuture.allOf(saleFuture, descFuture, baseAttrFuture, imageFuture, secKillFuture).get();
return skuItemVo;
}
结尾
本文到这里就结束了,感谢看到最后的朋友,都看到最后了点个赞再走啦,如有不对之处还请多多指正。
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