获取系统基本信息的命令

1. 查看系统版本

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)

2. 查看cpu信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 69
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
stepping    : 1
microcode   : 0x25
cpu MHz     : 2394.462
cache size  : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 4
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 4
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0

3. 查看ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 1.1.2.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 1.1.2.255
        inet6 fe80::23a8:e0f:bc9f:358  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:47:d4:00  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 418  bytes 49204 (48.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 249  bytes 40060 (39.1 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

4. 查看系统内存、虚拟内存的大小及占用情况

[root@localhost ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1.8G        641M        373M         26M        804M        997M
Swap:          2.0G          0B        2.0G

5. 系统启动时的系统cpu、内存、网卡等信息。启动后可以用dmesg来查看，该命令用实例名和物理名称 来标识连到系统上的设备，也用于显示系统诊断信息，操作系统版本号，物理内存大小以及其他信息。

[root@localhost ~]# dmesg | more
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[    0.000000] Linux version 3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-
8
[    0.000000] Disabled fast string operations
[    0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ebff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009ec00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000dc000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007fedffff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007fee0000-0x000000007fefefff] ACPI data

6. 查看当前的进程

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 23:15 ?        00:00:04 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
root          2      0  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root          4      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root          6      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root          7      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
root          8      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root          9      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:03 [rcu_sched]
root         10      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [lru-add-drain]
root         11      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root         12      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [watchdog/1]
root         13      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [migration/1]
root         14      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root         16      2  0 23:15 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H]