import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
第一步 生成数据集
x = np.linspace(-3,3,50)#平均采样,[-3,3]采样50个
x.shape
(50,)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y1.shape
(50,)
y2 = x**2
y2
array([9.00000000e+00, 8.28029988e+00, 7.59058726e+00, 6.93086214e+00,
6.30112453e+00, 5.70137443e+00, 5.13161183e+00, 4.59183673e+00,
4.08204915e+00, 3.60224906e+00, 3.15243648e+00, 2.73261141e+00,
2.34277384e+00, 1.98292378e+00, 1.65306122e+00, 1.35318617e+00,
1.08329863e+00, 8.43398584e-01, 6.33486047e-01, 4.53561016e-01,
3.03623490e-01, 1.83673469e-01, 9.37109538e-02, 3.37359434e-02,
3.74843815e-03, 3.74843815e-03, 3.37359434e-02, 9.37109538e-02,
1.83673469e-01, 3.03623490e-01, 4.53561016e-01, 6.33486047e-01,
8.43398584e-01, 1.08329863e+00, 1.35318617e+00, 1.65306122e+00,
1.98292378e+00, 2.34277384e+00, 2.73261141e+00, 3.15243648e+00,
3.60224906e+00, 4.08204915e+00, 4.59183673e+00, 5.13161183e+00,
5.70137443e+00, 6.30112453e+00, 6.93086214e+00, 7.59058726e+00,
8.28029988e+00, 9.00000000e+00])
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y1)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x111d0f9e8>]
output_7_1.png
plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y2)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x111da3860>]
output_8_1.png
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.show()
output_9_0.png
# 将x,y1,y2画在一起
plt.plot(x,y1)
plt.plot(x,y2)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x111d60fd0>]
output_11_1.png
支持中文字体
from pylab import mpl#import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['FangSong']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
# 参数修改
plt.plot(x,y1,'.b')
plt.plot(x,y2,color='r',linewidth=5.0,linestyle=':')#linestyle取值："-"，”-.“，":".该变量是复合变量也可以省略字段直接写”.r“
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x111f908d0>]
output_14_1.png
##label标记
plt.plot([1,2,3,4],[2,3,3,3])
plt.ylabel('Some Num')
plt.xlabel('自变量')#默认不支持中文字体
Text(0.5,0,'自变量')
output_16_1.png
散点图
plt.plot([1,2,3,4],[2,3,3,3],'g^')
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1121b4080>]
output_18_1.png
常用的linestyle
ro:红色的圆点
bs:蓝色的方块
g^:绿色的三角
t=np.linspace(-5,5,100)
plt.plot(t,t**2)
plt.plot(t,t**5)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1121159e8>]
output_21_1.png
plt.plot(t,t**2,'r--',t,t**5,'y-.')#多个函数图，可以合并为一个函数，但是要求（自变量,因变量，style字段）
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x112327390>,
<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1123274e0>]
output_22_1.png
结构化数据绘制散点图
np.arange(50)
array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49])
data = {
'a':np.arange(50),
'c':np.random.randint(0,50,50),
'd':np.random.rand(50)
}
data
{'a': array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49]),
'c': array([21, 22, 31, 1, 30, 13, 47, 19, 16, 45, 45, 34, 24, 11, 30, 49, 3,
38, 24, 26, 9, 24, 33, 44, 48, 49, 6, 49, 8, 30, 11, 43, 16, 25,
29, 34, 14, 21, 4, 20, 13, 46, 11, 25, 20, 39, 41, 34, 47, 36]),
'd': array([0.03337497, 0.58555231, 0.6983719 , 0.3098672 , 0.0355206 ,
0.27251523, 0.968375 , 0.7585922 , 0.53316131, 0.2134523 ,
0.76735142, 0.56798347, 0.98154299, 0.07708504, 0.93535569,
0.84546409, 0.13395731, 0.24076688, 0.44660032, 0.88671819,
0.00921326, 0.39650877, 0.44355761, 0.30306934, 0.98691421,
0.39195663, 0.6424303 , 0.68474638, 0.02455291, 0.90485831,
0.7171299 , 0.18596694, 0.12510926, 0.57805232, 0.93718472,
0.21482173, 0.02909599, 0.26395894, 0.39508085, 0.74490499,
0.17457859, 0.93607408, 0.58727838, 0.76517609, 0.53999965,
0.5932926 , 0.05968155, 0.70313421, 0.72178338, 0.47063122])}
plt.scatter()绘制散点图
plt.scatter('a','d',data=data)
plt.xlabel('a 数据')
plt.ylabel('d 数据')
Text(0,0.5,'d 数据')
output_27_1.png
plt.scatter('a','c',data=data)
<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x1124a3d68>
output_28_1.png
data['b'] = np.abs(data['d'])
plt.scatter('a','b',data = data,marker='>',c = 'c')
<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x112557eb8>
output_30_1.png
plt.scatter('c','d',data = data,marker='>',c = 'c')
<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x1125b8198>
output_31_1.png
data
{'a': array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49]),
'c': array([21, 22, 31, 1, 30, 13, 47, 19, 16, 45, 45, 34, 24, 11, 30, 49, 3,
38, 24, 26, 9, 24, 33, 44, 48, 49, 6, 49, 8, 30, 11, 43, 16, 25,
29, 34, 14, 21, 4, 20, 13, 46, 11, 25, 20, 39, 41, 34, 47, 36]),
'd': array([0.03337497, 0.58555231, 0.6983719 , 0.3098672 , 0.0355206 ,
0.27251523, 0.968375 , 0.7585922 , 0.53316131, 0.2134523 ,
0.76735142, 0.56798347, 0.98154299, 0.07708504, 0.93535569,
0.84546409, 0.13395731, 0.24076688, 0.44660032, 0.88671819,
0.00921326, 0.39650877, 0.44355761, 0.30306934, 0.98691421,
0.39195663, 0.6424303 , 0.68474638, 0.02455291, 0.90485831,
0.7171299 , 0.18596694, 0.12510926, 0.57805232, 0.93718472,
0.21482173, 0.02909599, 0.26395894, 0.39508085, 0.74490499,
0.17457859, 0.93607408, 0.58727838, 0.76517609, 0.53999965,
0.5932926 , 0.05968155, 0.70313421, 0.72178338, 0.47063122]),
'b': array([0.03337497, 0.58555231, 0.6983719 , 0.3098672 , 0.0355206 ,
0.27251523, 0.968375 , 0.7585922 , 0.53316131, 0.2134523 ,
0.76735142, 0.56798347, 0.98154299, 0.07708504, 0.93535569,
0.84546409, 0.13395731, 0.24076688, 0.44660032, 0.88671819,
0.00921326, 0.39650877, 0.44355761, 0.30306934, 0.98691421,
0.39195663, 0.6424303 , 0.68474638, 0.02455291, 0.90485831,
0.7171299 , 0.18596694, 0.12510926, 0.57805232, 0.93718472,
0.21482173, 0.02909599, 0.26395894, 0.39508085, 0.74490499,
0.17457859, 0.93607408, 0.58727838, 0.76517609, 0.53999965,
0.5932926 , 0.05968155, 0.70313421, 0.72178338, 0.47063122])}
柱状图
names = ['A类型','B类型','C类型']
value = [1,10,100]
plt.bar(range(len(names)),value)
plt.xticks(range(len(names)),names)#横坐标
([<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x112650a20>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x112650438>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x1126437f0>],
<a list of 3 Text xticklabel objects>)
output_35_1.png
plt.scatter(names,value)
<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x111f32fd0>
output_36_1.png
plt.scatter(range(len(names)),value)
plt.xticks(range(len(names)),names)
([<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x111f69be0>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x111f69518>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x111f692b0>],
<a list of 3 Text xticklabel objects>)
output_37_1.png
plt.scatter(range(len(names)),value)
plt.xticks(range(len(names)),names)
plt.title('离散数据散点图')
Text(0.5,1,'离散数据散点图')
output_38_1.png
子图 SubPlot
1. 讲一个画布进行切分(Figure)
2.将切分后的图分配到固定的位置
3.将图可以设置成固定的大小
plt.figure(1)
plt.subplot(131)#一行三列放在第一的位置
plt.bar(names,value,color='r')
plt.subplot(235)#二行三列放在第五的位置
plt.scatter(names,value,color='y')
plt.subplot(233)#二行三列放在第三的位置
plt.plot(names,value,color='g')
plt.title("离散数据的柱状图，散点图，折线图")
Text(0.5,1,'离散数据的柱状图，散点图，折线图')
output_40_1.png
第 2 部分 Seaborn的绘图练习
道/法/术/器
import seaborn as sns
tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')
tips
# total_bill 和
2.1 带状图-离散数据和l连续数据的之间的关系
sns.stripplot(data=tips,x='day',y='total_bill',jitter = True)#jitter抖动，默认为TRUE
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a16f45710>
output_47_1.png
蜂群图-离散数据和连续数据之间的关系-密度排列
sns.swarmplot(x='day',y='total_bill',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a16aadc18>
output_49_1.png
tips.head()
分析每天中 午餐和晚餐的账单分布
2.3 Hue 分组参数
sns.swarmplot(x='day',y='total_bill',data=tips,hue='time')
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a16ff30b8>
output_53_1.png
在每天的付账人群中的性别分布
sns.swarmplot(x='day',y='total_bill',data=tips,hue='sex')
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a16e2fc50>
output_55_1.png
sns.swarmplot(x='day',y='total_bill',data=tips,hue='size')
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a1719cf60>
output_56_1.png
sns.swarmplot(x='size',y='total_bill',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a1726a470>
output_57_1.png
# 上图解释了，pizza的不同size的基础价格
# size和相关系数(皮尔逊系数)的关系
tips['size'].corr(tips['total_bill'])
0.5983151309049012
2.4箱型图
sns.boxplot('day','total_bill',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17971ef0>
output_61_1.png
sns.swarmplot('day','total_bill',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a178bc390>
output_63_1.png
sns.boxplot("day","total_bill",data=tips,hue='time')
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17b547b8>
output_64_1.png
2.5 提琴图
如何来表示total_bill的概率分布
sns.violinplot('day','total_bill',data=tips,hue='time')
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17c781d0>
output_66_2.png
sns.violinplot('day','total_bill',data=tips,hue='time',split = True)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17ddd860>
output_67_2.png
### 多图合成展示
sns.violinplot('day','total_bill',data=tips)
sns.swarmplot('day','total_bill',data=tips,color='w')
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17eb31d0>
output_69_2.png
3.0 单一变量估计---离散型变量的统计
每天的交易数量
sns.countplot('day',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17f9a550>
output_73_1.png
sns.countplot('time',data=tips)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a17eb33c8>
output_74_1.png
sns.countplot('day',data=tips,hue='time')
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a180f3a90>
output_75_1.png
4.0 连续型数据的核密度估计
tips.head()
sns.distplot(tips['total_bill'])
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a181b0780>
output_78_2.png
抵消偏度(修改接近正态分布)
sns.distplot(np.log(tips['total_bill']))
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a18289908>
output_80_2.png
sns.distplot(np.sqrt(tips['total_bill']))
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1a1803e7b8>
output_81_2.png
抽取前99.5%的数据（去除离散值的方法）
np.percentile(tips['total_bill'],99.5)
48.317099999999996
tips[tips['total_bill']>48.31]
带回归的散点图
sns.lmplot('size','total_bill',data = tips)
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x1a18465cf8>
output_86_2.png
联合分布（既有散点的特性，又有线性回归，同事还有概率分布）
sns.jointplot('total_bill','tip',data=tips,kind='reg')
/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
<seaborn.axisgrid.JointGrid at 0x1a18556940>
output_88_2.png
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