The baby monkey is much more developed at brith than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so , however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”-----the real mother or the mother-substitute.
猴宝宝比人类宝宝发育得更成熟。差不多从它出生的那一刻起，猴宝宝就可以四处走动，紧紧抓住它的妈妈。在宝宝出生的头几天，会靠近并抓住环境中几乎任何大的、温暖的、柔软的物体，特别是如果这个物体钙能给它吃奶的话。然而，大约一周后，猴宝宝开始避开新来的猴子，并将注意力集中在“妈妈”身上——真妈妈或妈妈代替物。
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice fo two types of mother-substitutes ----one covered with cloth and one make of bare wire. IF the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
在生命的前两周，温暖可能是猴妈妈必须给予宝宝的最重要的心理因素。哈洛夫妇都是心理学家，他们发现了这一事实，为猴宝宝提供了两种妈妈代替物的选择——一种是用布覆盖的，另一种是裸线制成的。如果两个人工妈妈的体温都一样，那么小猴子总是更喜欢布妈妈。然而，如果金属丝模型是热的，而布模型是冷的，那么在出生之后的前两周，幼猴会选择温暖的金属丝替代品作为它们的最爱。此后，它们会改变，把大部分时间都花在了更舒适的布妈妈身上。
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged ”contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
为什么布比裸线更可取？哈洛夫妇所说的接触舒适似乎就是答案，也是最强大的影响。猴宝宝大部分时间都在摩擦妈妈的皮肤，让自己尽可能与父母保持密切联系。每当动物宝宝受到惊吓、不安或烦恼时，它通常会冲向母亲，用身体摩擦自己。电线“摩擦”不如软布。与布妈妈长时间的“接触舒适”似乎给了宝宝信心，对它们来说比温暖或吃奶更有意义。
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its”mother”.
根据哈洛夫妇的说法，宝宝对妈妈的爱的基本品质是信任。如果宝宝在没有妈妈的情况下被放在一个陌生的游戏室里，无论玩具有多有趣，宝宝都会忽略它们。惊恐地尖叫，蜷缩成一个毛茸茸的小球。如果它的布妈妈现在被引入游戏室，宝宝就会冲向它，紧紧抓住它。经过几分钟的接触舒适之后，明显开始感觉更安全了。然后，它从妈妈替代物上爬下来，开始探索玩具，但经常会冲回去深深拥抱，好像是为了确保它的妈妈仍然在那里，一切都很好。它对新环境的恐惧一点一点地消失了，它花越来越多的时间玩玩具，越来越少的时间抱着它的“妈妈”。
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