经济学—监管

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一.监管的目的

1.information frictions

2.externalities

3.weak competition

4.social objectives

二.监管种类

1.regulations：

①法律法规

②行业条例

③司法

2.regulators：

①government-backed regulatory bodies:

government departments

independent regulators:funded independent

②self-regulatory bodies(SRBs)→SROs(funded independent;given authority)

三.Regulatory Interdependency

1.监管捕获理论

2.监管竞争

3.监管套利

四.监管工具

1.价格机制

2.限制活动

3.行业准入门槛

4.国防军工

5.小微企业放贷

五.监管分析

regulatory burden

net regulatory burden