一.类型
1.DC plan:defined contribution plan风险由员工承担;
2.DB plan:defined benefit plan风险由企业承担;
二.DB plan 的记帐处理
1.PBO
①payment of pension:每期养老金支付额,=final salary *%*N;
②PV of pension payment:养老金负债于退休时点的PV;
③PBO:projected benefit obligation养老金负债于当前时点的PV;
④记账原则:抵消记账FS=PA—PBO
FS>0,资产端披露min[FS,ceiling]
FS<0,负债端披露FS
2.资产负债表
(1)资产端
PA0
+employer contribution
+actual return
-benefit paid to employees
=PA1
(2)负债端
PBO0
+CSC
+PSC
+INT.cost
+/-actuarial gain/loss
-benefit paid to employees
=PBO1
(3)养老金费用
CSC:current service cost当期服务成本,由于雇员工作年限的增加引起的PBO的增加;
PSC:past service cost过去服务成本,由于企业改变养老金费率引起的过去的PBO的改变;
actuarial gain/loss:精算损益,由于精算假设改变引起的PBO的变化。包括demographic assumptions:死亡率,寿命,员工流动性等;financial assumptions:工资增长率future compensation increase,折现率,PA预期收益expected return。
(4)PPC:periodic pension cost
①TPPC=PPC in I/S+PPC in OCI
FS0+employer contribution-TPPC=FS1
②under US GAAP:
PPC in I/S:
-CSC
-INT.cost(PBO0*r)
+expected return(PA0*Er)
-amortized PSC(PSC在员工剩余工作年限内摊销)
+/-actuarial gain/loss(起初值超过max(PBO0,PA0)*10%的部分在员工剩余工作年限内摊销)
PPC in OCI
-unamortized PSC
+/-unamortized actuarial gain/loss
③under IFRS:
PPC in I/S
-CSC
-PSC
-INT.cost(PBO0*r)
+ING.income(PA0*r)
PPC in OCI
remeasurement:actuarial gain/loss(不摊销)
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