一、过去将来时的概念
一般过去将来时:表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
构成:一般过去将来时是由"should / would + 动词原形"构成的。(一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中)
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形?
例如:
1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.(昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。)
2. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.(他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。)
二、过去将来时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态。
例句:
He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们的。
She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
2、表示过去的某种习惯性行为,只用would。
例句:
Whenever we had trouble,he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时,他总会给予帮助。
3、表示过去将来时的几种结构。
1)was/were going to do这种结构表示准备、计划做某事,或将要发生某事。
例句:
She was not going to do anything that evening.那天晚上她不准备做任何事。
When they arrived the plane was just going to take off.飞机正要起飞时他们到了。
2)was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将”。
例句:
He was about to be transferred to a seaside town.他正要被调往一座海滨小城。
3)was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要……时”。
例句:
He was on the point of leaving when we came in.我们进来时,他正要动身。
4)was/were due to do这种结构表示“定于(某事做某事)”。
例句:
The ship was due to leave at mid-night.船定于午夜起航。
The talk was due to last for three days.谈话将要进行三天。
5)go,come,leave,take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。
例句:
A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.有许多人要来观看焰火。
She told mother that she was going to a dance with Tom.她告诉母亲,她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。
6)was/were to do这种结构表示曾计划做某事,如果计划的事情没有实现,要用不定式完成式。
例句:
She said she was to take up the position.她说她要承担这个职务。
She said she was to have taken up the position,but later changed her mind.她说她本打算承担这个职务的,但是后来改变了主意。
基本用法:
一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态:If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at University of Cambridge.(如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去剑桥大学。)
其他表达法:
1. was/were going to + 动词原形:He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.(他说他退休后要住在农村。)
2. was/were + 动词-ing形式:Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.(没人知道客人们是否要来。)
3. was/were + 动词不定式:She said she was to clean the classroom after school.(她说她放学后要打扫教室。)
注意:
1. "was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
例如:Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.(上星期天我们本想去游览长城的,但却下雨了。)
2. "was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
例如:I felt something terrible was about to happen.(我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。)
3. was/were on the point of doing
例如:I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now.(很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了。)
4. "be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接when引导的分句。
例如:I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.(我正要动身天突然下雨了。)
5. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,一律用would。
例如:This door wouldn't open.(这扇门老是打不开。 )
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