过去将来时讲解

一、过去将来时的概念

　一般过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。

　　构成：一般过去将来时是由"should / would + 动词原形"构成的。(一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中)

　　肯定句：主语+be(was，were)going to+动词原形.

　　否定句：主语+be(was，were)not going to+动词原形.

　　疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+动词原形?

　　肯定句：主语+would(should)+动词原形.

　　否定句：主语+would(should)not+动词原形.

　　疑问句：Would(Should)+主语+动词原形?

　　例如：

　　1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.(昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。)

　　2. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.(他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。)

二、过去将来时用法、定义详细讲解

1、表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态。

例句：

He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们的。

She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。

2、表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。

例句：

Whenever we had trouble,he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。

3、表示过去将来时的几种结构。

1）was/were going to do这种结构表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。

例句：

She was not going to do anything that evening.那天晚上她不准备做任何事。

When they arrived the plane was just going to take off.飞机正要起飞时他们到了。

2）was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将”。

例句：

He was about to be transferred to a seaside town.他正要被调往一座海滨小城。

3）was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要……时”。

例句：

He was on the point of leaving when we came in.我们进来时，他正要动身。

4）was/were due to do这种结构表示“定于（某事做某事）”。

例句：

The ship was due to leave at mid-night.船定于午夜起航。

The talk was due to last for three days.谈话将要进行三天。

5）go,come,leave,take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。

例句：

A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.有许多人要来观看焰火。

She told mother that she was going to a dance with Tom.她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。

6）was/were to do这种结构表示曾计划做某事，如果计划的事情没有实现，要用不定式完成式。

例句：

She said she was to take up the position.她说她要承担这个职务。

She said she was to have taken up the position,but later changed her mind.她说她本打算承担这个职务的，但是后来改变了主意。

基本用法：

　　一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at University of Cambridge.(如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。)

　　其他表达法：

　　1. was/were going to + 动词原形：He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.(他说他退休后要住在农村。)

　　2. was/were + 动词-ing形式：Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.(没人知道客人们是否要来。)

　　3. was/were + 动词不定式：She said she was to clean the classroom after school.(她说她放学后要打扫教室。)

　　注意：

　　1. "was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。

　　例如：Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.(上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。)

　　2. "was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。

　　例如：I felt something terrible was about to happen.(我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。)

　　3. was/were on the point of doing

　　例如：I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now.(很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。)

　　4. "be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。

　　例如：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.(我正要动身天突然下雨了。)

　　5. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。

　　例如：This door wouldn't open.(这扇门老是打不开。 )