(potential) risk factors 危险因素（影响因素常用这个）+for
反义词是 protective factors
mount an international collaborative effort to do sth 展开国际合作做。。。
abstract
background:
(情势的严峻+本文的目的）
Gallbladder cancer has an unusual geographic and demographic distribution, suggesting many possible etiologies/causes.
methods:
（研究地点+样本量+（样本的某些特征）+病例组和对照组+抽样方式+资料收集方式+收集的内容）
1.a case-control study was conducted/ undertaken/launched/ carried out at 4 hospitals in La Paz, Bolivia, and at one hospital in Mexico City, Mexico.
2.Eighty-four patients with.... were compared with 264 control subjects without stones and 264 control subjects with stones
3.All study subjects underwent abdonimal surgery
4.all study subjects were interviewed regarding（with regard to, with respect to. in regard to, in respect of, concerning）demographic characteristics, medical history, family history, diet and exposure to agents presumed to be risk factorsfor biliary cancer.
results:
（交代研究出来的危险因素+p值和置信区间）
是。。。的危险因素
1.an increased risk was also noted for elevated maximum body mass index(P=0.03),family history of .....(OR=3.6;CI,1.3-1.4) and .....
2.an increased risk was also seen with ......（用法同上句）
3.趋势性检验时就可以这么比较compared with those with a body mass index less than 24kg/m^2, those with an index of 24-25kg/m^2, 26-28kg/m^2, and greater than 28kg/m^2 had odds ratios of 1.6(CI, 0.4-7.6), 1.3(CI, 0.3-5.6), and 2.6(CI, 0.5-18.6), respectively,( asymptotic test for trend,P=0.03)
4.finally, a number of associationswere noted with（指出）certain dietary and cooking habits.饮食和烹饪习惯也是其中的原因
1.risk increased with age 风险随着年龄增加而增加
increase the risk of
2.females with diabeteshave/ carry a greater/increased risk of mortalitythan males with diabetes
have a three-fold increased risk of 风险增加了3倍
3.mentally ill youth are at risk for developing obesity
4.the odds（几率） of having diabetes was stronger for women（女性更容易患diabetes）
5.stroke was associated/ related with increased risk of progression to diabetes or heart diseases 随着糖尿病或心脏病的病情加重，中风的风险也增加了
conclusions:
（总结危险因素+提出建议+强调自己的贡献）
patients with gallbladder cancer differed from control subjectsin race,.....(other risk factors)这句话其实就是在表明危险因素
these findings mayprovide useful clues tothe pathogenesis（病原学） of gallbladder cancer,but given the number of analyses performed, additional cases need to be studied.（提供了病因线索，为以后的研究提供方向）
1.these findings will likely provide a foundation and direction forfurther research prioritiesfor (assessing...) 提出了研究重点
2.further research is required to....
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expressions:
1.确定病因(explore 探索)
identify/ determine/ establish an/ the etiology(cause) of.....
underlying etiology 潜在的病因
the leading cause主要的病因
causative(cause) agent 病原体；诱因；原因 agent 动因
i.e. determining theetiology（病因，更专业）of pneumonia is essential toguide public health interventions.（指导公共卫生干预）
2.remains uncertain/ have not been determined / established 原因未明
3.proceed to do / proceed with sth = go on doing sth
4.开展手术
undergo/ have abdonimal surgery 进行了腹部手术
be scheduled for 被安排进行
...surgery was performed
complications 并发症
5.收集的信息内容
socioeconomic status 社会经济状况，
lifestyle 生活方式
enviromental exposure 环境暴露
satisfication 满意度
physical activity 体力活动（不可数）
sedentary behaviours 久坐
food frequency 食物频率
nutritional status/ condition 营养状况
moderate intensity exercise 中等强度运动 -----carry out physical exercise (vigorous 剧烈）
genders 性别 between genders 性别之间
more than 12 hours' every day sedentary/ sitting time(静坐时间) 每天静坐时间超过1h
mean weekday sleep duration 每日平均睡眠时间 duration时长
we should stress sports and modest consumption....（强调运动+适当摄入....）
6.患病
contract/ develope infectious diseases
7.有统计学意义
there were statistically significant differences（可数）between the groups regarding.....
the correlation/ association between A and B was statistically significant.
8.关于interview的
interviewere were fluent in Spanish, medically trained, and had received formal training in interviewing techniques.
surrogate interviews(spouse, parent, caretaker, or significant other )were used for only two subjects.
#surrogate interviews 代理面谈
#caretaker 监护者
9.目前的研究数量很少
we are aware of only three published case-control studies of this disease.
10.问卷调查
a questionnaire（复数：questionnaires）survey wasadministered/ completed/ conductedfor(to) all study participants togather/collect informationon/regarding/concerning （pontential risk factors/ exposure to agents presumed to be risk factors）
a questionnaire-based telephone survey 一项基于电话的问卷调查
sleep quality（睡眠质量） was assessed/ evaluated via questionnaire
set a questionniare 制定问卷
the questionnaire return/response/recovery rate 问卷回收率
in total, 328 valid questionnaire responses were obtained. 共获得328份有效问卷答复
a valid sample of 352 interviewees responded to the online questionnaire and their responses were analyzed.
a total of 45,242 valid questionnaires were returned from 200 hospitals with a mean response rate of 69.4%
11.关于医院的
affiliated tumor hospital 附属肿瘤医院
medical examination center 体检中心
12.不良妊娠结局
adverse pregnancy outcome
13.采取措施
take some measures aimed at....
14.单因素、多因素logistic回归
single-factor/ multiple-factor....
15.不良情绪
unhealthy emotion
16.孕前肥胖，超重
overweight and obesity before(during and after) pregnancy
17.不规律产检
irregular prenatal examination
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参考文献
1.Risk Factors for Gallbaldder Cancer: An International Collaborative Case-Control Study
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