@[TOC]
@Autowired的what&how
在spring框架下,我们可以通过@Autowired注解对属性或者方法参数进行标注,当spring ioc容器初始化时,会帮我们从容器中拿到对应的实例进行注入
什么是循环依赖
假如现在有两个Bean如下所示
public class BeanA {
@Autowired
private BeanB beanB;
}
public class BeanB {
@Autowired
private BeanA beanA;
}
然后我们通过annotationConfigApplicationContext#register将两个bean的信息注入到容器中,最后通过refresh进行容器到初始化操作
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
annotationConfigApplicationContext.register(Bean1.class);
annotationConfigApplicationContext.register(Bean2.class);
annotationConfigApplicationContext.refresh();
}
可以看到A跟B互相依赖,试着想象:当容器先初始化beanA时,必然要对属性beanB进行赋值,这个时候容器中还没有beanB,那么势必会触发beanB的初始化流程,而beanB初始化的完成也需要对属性beanA赋值,但beanA还未初始化完成,这里就产生了所谓的循环依赖。
spring如何解决循环依赖
这里有一个很关键的属性:
public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements SingletonBeanRegistry {
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
}
key是beanName,value是一个对象工厂,我们点进去看一下
public interface ObjectFactory<T> {
T getObject() throws BeansException;
}
其实这里的getObject()就是最终解决循环依赖所调用的方法。
那么程序是怎样执行到这的呢?
我们先从bean的创建入手
如果容器还未实例化bean,那么就会走到这里
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
//实例化bean,如果@Autowired加在构造方法上,
//那么就会在这里完成注入
//因为下面的回调还未注册,所以这里无法解决循环依赖
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
//往单例工厂(之前说的singletonFactories)中添加一个
//ObjectFactory的匿名实现作为回调,
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
//属性赋值,处理@Autowired(非构造方法)
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
}
这里我们发现,在实例化bean跟对属性赋值之间有一个addSingletonFactory的操作,作用是注册一个可以获取当前正在创建的bean的一个回调
protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
}
}
}
进入回调,发现回调默认返回的就是bean本身
protected Object getEarlyBeanReference(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object bean) {
Object exposedObject = bean;
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
exposedObject = ibp.getEarlyBeanReference(exposedObject, beanName);
}
}
}
return exposedObject;
}
default Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
// 返回bean本身
return bean;
}
ok,这里得出一个结论,即使bean未初始化完成,spring也提供了方法来获取这个bean的实例。
如果应用到我们上面的栗子中来就是:
- beanA实例化完成
- 添加获取beanA的回调到singletonFactories
- 调用populateBean,处理@Autowired,注入beanB
因为beanB还未创建,那么势必会进入创建beanB的流程,当beanB也走到populateBean时,也需要完成beanA的注入,这时就会尝试从beanFactory中获取beanA,这里最终会进到
AbstractBeanFactory的doGetBean中
protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
}
这里很关键,我们进入getSingleton(beanName)
public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
return getSingleton(beanName, true);
}
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
//拿到之前注册的单例工厂对象
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
//调用之前注册的回调
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
当beanB走到这里时通过beanA的beanName获取beanA,首先会尝试从singletonObjects中获取,这里肯定获取不到,因为singletonObjects的put操作是在bean初始化完成之后。所以只能通过调用之前注册的回调singletonFactory.getObject()来获取beanA。
那么到此beanA注入到beanB的顺利完成,当beanB初始化完成之后,其实beanA的getBean()也就返回了beanB的引用,到此beanA也可以顺利完成依赖注入。
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