上句见：Day136
The Story of Philosophy的第137句：第1章Plato第2节II. Socrates第9段第1句：

If, for example, good meant intelligent, and virtue meant wisdom; if men could be taught to see clearly their real interests, to see afar the distant results of their deeds, to criticize and coördinate their desires out of a self-cancelling chaos into a purposive and creative harmony—this, perhaps, would provide for the educated and sophisticated man the morality which in the unlettered relies on reiterated precepts and external control. Perhaps all sin is error, partial vision, foolishness? The intelligent man may have the same violent and unsocial impulses as the ignorant man, but surely he will control them better, and slip less often into imitation of the beast. And in an intelligently administered powers, more than it took from him in restricted liberty— the advantage of every man would lie in social and loyal conduct, and only clear sight would be needed to ensure peace and order and good will.
浙江大学译本：比如，如果善意味着聪明，美德意味着智慧，如果通过教育，人们能够找到自己的真正兴趣所在，能够看清自己的行为可能产生的后果，能利用批判和协调的精神来调整自身杂乱无章的欲望以使其形成一个目标明确、具备创造力的和谐整体，那么，这或许就能成为那些受过教育且思想深刻的人的一种道德规范。而对于那些未曾受过教育的人，则只能使用反复的说教和外力的强制了。

解析

这句话探讨了道德对于不同人的不同来源。
1、If, for example, good meant intelligent, and virtue meant wisdom;
前提：比如，如果善即聪明，而美德即智慧；

2、if men could be taught to see clearly their real interests, to see afar the distant results of their deeds, to criticize and coördinate their desires out of a self-cancelling chaos into a purposive and creative harmony
教而知之：如果通过教育，人们清晰地找到自己的真正兴趣，远远地预见他们行为的可能后果，能在自相矛盾的混乱中批判和调和自身欲望以形成目标明确、富有创造力的和谐状态。
afar：a long way away从远处
Jo went prepared to bow down and adore the mighty ones whom she had worshiped with youthful enthusiasm afar off.
对于那些她早就以年遥地崇拜的大人物，乔是预备去向他们鞠躬致敬的。《小妇人》
self-cancelling：That cancels itself; that negate each other.自相抵消的，自相矛盾的
Her conflicting emotions were self-cancelling, making it difficult for her to take decisive action.她相互冲突的情绪是自我抵消的，这使她难以采取果断行动。
purposive：Acting or performed with conscious purpose or design.有目的的
Thus this particular analysis will only be useful and significant in so far as there is some specially direct or purposive connection between changes in the quantity of money and changes in the rate of interest.因此，只有在货币数量变化与利率变化之间存在某种特别直接或有目的的联系时，这种特殊的分析才会有用和有意义。《就业、利息和货币通论》

3、this, perhaps, would provide for the educated and sophisticated man the morality which in the unlettered relies on reiterated precepts and external control.
道德不同来源：和谐状态赋予受过教育并且见多识广的人以道德规范；而对于那些文盲只能通过反复说教以及外部管教来实现。
sophisticated：having or showing a lot of experience and knowledge about the world and about culture, art, literature, etc.
She was a sophisticated and well-traveled woman.她是一个见多识广的、四处旅游的女人。
unlettered：unable to read or write文盲的，不识字的，
Reality returned in the form of my rough, unlettered, and infinitely more admirable brother.我的粗鲁的、无知的却更值得敬佩的弟弟告诉我妹妹病重。《哈利波特》
reiterate：to repeat something that you have already said in order to emphasize it重复
They reiterated that they were house niggers, not field hands.他们反复强调他们只是干家务的黑人，不是干田间活的人。《飘》
precept：a rule that says how people should act规范，戒律
These precepts will influence your success; they prepare the way for it, they will secure it.这些戒律将影响你的成功；他们为你铺路，他们将确保成功。

比如，如果善即聪明，而美德即智慧；如果通过教育，人们清晰地找到自己的真正兴趣，远远地预见他们行为的可能后果，能在自相矛盾的混乱中批判和调和自身欲望以形成目标明确、富有创造力的和谐状态。这种和谐状态也许赋予受过教育并且见多识广的人以道德规范；而对于那些文盲来说，道德规范只能依赖反复说教以及外部管教来实现。