前言
为了饭碗，从攻克retrofit源码开始,版本为2.9.0。学习retrofit之前，要先稍微了解下动态代理的基础哦~这里不讲解。如果忘记retrofit的基础用法，可以看retrofit基本用法复习一下
retrofit构建
val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://localhost/")
.client(okHttpClient)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build()
这里用了构建者模式，首先看第一行Builder方法做了什么
Builder(Platform platform) {
this.platform = platform;
}
public Builder() {
this(Platform.get());
}
看来是初始化platform，查看Platform.get()方法
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform();
static Platform get() {
return PLATFORM;
}
private static Platform findPlatform() {
return "Dalvik".equals(System.getProperty("java.vm.name"))
? new Android()
: new Platform(true);
}
如果java虚拟机的实现名称是“Dalvik”,就使用Android平台否则使用java8平台。platform的具体实现后续再看。
接下来查看build方法
public Retrofit build() {
if (baseUrl == null) {//1
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;//2
if (callFactory == null) {//3
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
}
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;//4
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();//5
}
List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);//6
callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories =
new ArrayList<>(
1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());//7
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}
注释1可看出baseUrl是必须指定的。
注释2处callFactory默认为this.callFactory，这个值是在构建retrofit通过.client(OkHttpClient client)设置的，注释3处如果没有设置callFactory会默认new一个OkHttpClient对象。
注释4处callbackExecutor默认为this.callbackExecutor,这个值可以在构建retrofit通过.callbackExecutor(Executor executor) 方法设置，注释5处如果没有设置就用平台的Executor，主要用于将回调传递给UI线程。
注释6处callAdapterFactories主要用于存储对call进行转化的对象，后面会讲解。
注释7处converterFactories主要用于存储转化对象数据，例如在构建retrofit传的GsonConverterFactory可以将返回的数据转换为gson对象， 会面会讲解。
Call的创建过程
创建完retrofit，就可以调用如下代码来生成接口的动态代理对象
val service: MainNetWork = retrofit.create(MainNetwork::class.java)
interface MainNetwork {
@GET("next_title.json")
fun fetchNextTitle(): Call<TitleModel>
}
看看create方法做了什么吧
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
validateServiceInterface(service);
return (T)Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(),new Class<?>[] {service},
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];
@Override
public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
args = args != null ? args : emptyArgs;
return platform.isDefaultMethod(method)
? platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args)
: loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args); //1
}
});
}
这里create方法返回了一个Proxy.newProxyInstance动态代理对象，如上面的例子，如果我们调用service的fetchNextTitle() 其实最终会调用InvocationHandler的invoke方法。Proxy.newProxyInstance有三个参数：代理对象、调用的方法、方法的参数。注释1处的loadServiceMethod(method)中的method就是我们定义的fetchNextTitle() 方法。
那这个方法里做了什么呢？
ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
ServiceMethod<?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
首先会从serviceMethodCache查询传入的方法是否有缓存，如果有就用缓存的ServiceMethod，如果没有就创建一个，并加入serviceMethodCache缓存起来。接下来看ServiceMethod是创建的。
abstract class ServiceMethod<T> {
static <T> ServiceMethod<T> parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);//1
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();//2
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
throw methodError(
method,
"Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
returnType);
}
if (returnType == void.class) {
throw methodError(method, "Service methods cannot return void.");
}
return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);//3
}
abstract @Nullable T invoke(Object[] args);
}
注释1处各种注解解析，目的是解析请求参数生成RequestFactory用于生成okHttp的Request，
注释2处获取返回值的类型，
注释3处用于生成具体的网络请求。
先看到底是如何进行网络请求的， HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations内部实现是什么呢?会有点长，所以把里面牵扯到协程部分的代码去除。
static <ResponseT, ReturnT> HttpServiceMethod<ResponseT, ReturnT> parseAnnotations(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method, RequestFactory requestFactory) {
boolean isKotlinSuspendFunction = requestFactory.isKotlinSuspendFunction;
boolean continuationWantsResponse = false;
boolean continuationBodyNullable = false;
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();//1
Type adapterType;//2
if (isKotlinSuspendFunction) {//协程相关
......
} else {
adapterType = method.getGenericReturnType();
}
CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter =
createCallAdapter(retrofit, method, adapterType, annotations);//3
Type responseType = callAdapter.responseType();//4
Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT> responseConverter =
createResponseConverter(retrofit, method, responseType);//5
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = retrofit.callFactory;//6
return new CallAdapted<>(requestFactory, callFactory, responseConverter, callAdapter);//7
}
注释1处返回method上存在的指定类型的注解,
注释2处为方法返回值类型，
注释3处创建CallAdapter对象，具体步骤后续讲解，注释4处的callAdapter的responseType是返回数据的真实类型，例如Call<TitleModel>，它就会返回TitleModel。
注释5处遍历converterFactories列表中存储的Converter.Factory，并返回一个合适的Converter<ResponseBody, ?>用于后面转换对象。此前我们在构建Retrofit 调用了addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())将GsonConverterFactory（Converter.Factory的子类）添加到converterFactories列表中，表示返回的数据支持转换为Json对象。
注释6处获得okHttpClient对象
注释7处返回CallAdapted对象。
至此，loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args)的loadServiceMethod(method)结束，接下来是调用它的invoke方法，这个方法又有什么呢？
@Override
final @Nullable ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
Call<ResponseT> call = new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter);
return adapt(call, args);
}
继续看adapt方法，
@Override
protected ReturnT adapt(Call<ResponseT> call, Object[] args) {
return callAdapter.adapt(call);
}
既然回到了callAdapter，那么我们就看看callAdapter是什么吧。还记得HttpServiceMethod<ResponseT, ReturnT> parseAnnotations()方法注释3处
CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> callAdapter =
createCallAdapter(retrofit, method, adapterType, annotations);
创建的callAdapter么？这个callAdapter对象就是这里来的。咱们跟踪看看createCallAdapter内部是如何创建这个对象的。
private static <ResponseT, ReturnT> CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT> createCallAdapter(
Retrofit retrofit, Method method, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
return (CallAdapter<ResponseT, ReturnT>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
}
继续不断跟踪，可得到
int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
if (adapter != null) {
return adapter;
}
}
因此，这个callAdapter是通过在构建Retrofit调用build方法时adapterFactories添加的对象的get方法，adapterFactories列表默认会添加defaultCallAdapterFactory，defaultCallAdapterFactory指的是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory，ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get方法如下所示
@Nullable
public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
return null;
} else if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Call return type must be parameterized as Call<Foo> or Call<? extends Foo>");
} else {
final Type responseType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType)returnType);
final Executor executor = Utils.isAnnotationPresent(annotations, SkipCallbackExecutor.class) ? null : this.callbackExecutor;//1
return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
public Type responseType() {
return responseType;
}
public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
return (Call)(executor == null ? call : new DefaultCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall(executor, call));
}
};
}
}
注释1处的executor来自构建retrofit的build方法，即 platform.defaultCallbackExecutor()，其代码回顾下如下：
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
}
可以看出，get方法会获得CallAdapter对象，上面提到过它的responseType方法返回数据的真实类型，adapt方法则是创建ExecutorCallbackCall，用于将call的回调转发至UI线程。ExecutorCallbackCall的代码如下
static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> {
final Executor callbackExecutor;// 默认为platform.defaultCallbackExecutor()
final Call<T> delegate; //OkHttpCall
ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) {
this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
this.delegate = delegate;
}
@Override
public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback == null");
delegate.enqueue(//1
new Callback<T>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) {
callbackExecutor.execute(//2
() -> {
if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) {
callbackExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t));//2
}
});
}
......
}
注释1处其实就是调用了OkHttpCall的enqueue方法，注释2处通过callbackExecutor将请求回调到UI线程。这里先看platform.defaultCallbackExecutor()是如何回调到UI线程的，这里只看Android platform。
static final class Android extends Platform {
......
@Override
public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
return new MainThreadExecutor();
}
static final class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
@Override
public void execute(Runnable r) {
handler.post(r);
}
}
}
啊，逃不开的handler~
下面的OkHttpCall的enqueue是重中之重啊，下一节再讲，总结一下这一小节：
这一小节主要是引子，了解到retrofit在builder()方法中会根据不同的虚拟机初始化不同的平台platform，这个platform持有回调到UI线程的Executor，默认的 CallAdapter.Factory与Converter.Factory。了解到retrofit的build()方法中如果baseurl为null会抛出异常，没有okhttpclient会默认new一个，为converterFactories、callAdapterFactories、callbackExecutor成员变量赋值，默认值主要来自platform。了解到retrofit.create()方法内部是一个动态代理，接口的代理对象调用方法时，最终是调用okHttpCall的enqueue方法。在调用enqueue之前，会先注解解析出适合okhttpclient进行请求的request存储到RequestFactory中，然后将requestFactory、okhttpclient、从converterFactories中获取的Converter、从callAdapterFactories获取到的CallAdapter作为参数new一个CallAdapted对象，然后调用CallAdapted的adapt方法也就是调用了OkHttpCall的enqueue。
这里的Converter、CallAdapter的用法后续也会在讲解。
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