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「代理人」

「代理人」

作者: 黑腿渔夫 | 来源:发表于2016-08-05 09:26 被阅读0次

太懒,好久没写文章了。这阵子看书思考写读书笔记,琢磨自己还没太想明白的一些事儿。翻译这块儿有些荒废了。以前做过一些词汇总结,但一直存在电脑里懒得整理出来放到简书上。前几天看到鱼子酱写的proxy statement一文,咬牙切齿督促自己要把之前弄的「代理人」文章贴出来。内容本身也没什么技术含量,无非是抄抄元照、Black's Law Dictionary上的释义。不过把几个相近的词放在一起总结梳理下,似乎能更好地理解它们的含义和区别。但愿能有些用吧!

「代理人」

1. Agent

One who is authorised to act for or in place of another; a representative.

注意与principal(代理关系中的本人;委托人;被代理人)的比较。

代理人:代理关系中的一方当事人,即依照委托人的授权,以委托人的名义从事代理活动的人。

An agent is a business representative who handles contractual arrangements between the principal and third persons. 

From Latin agent- ‘doing’, from agere.


2. Attorney

(a) Strictly, one who is designated to transact business for another; a legal agent. Also termed attorney-in-fact; private attorney.

(b) A person who practices law; lawyer. Also termed attorney-at-law; public attorney.

代理人;法律事务代理人;

在英国旧时,代理人分为「私人代理人」(private attorney) 和「法律事务代理人」(attorney at law)。前者又称为「事实代理人」(attorney in fact)。(《元照》上的解释内容较多,就抄了这么简单一句)

Attorney in fact means "one with power of attorney to act for another; legal agent".

Attorney at law means "a licensed lawyer".

简言之,attorney有两层含义:「代理人」和「律师」。


3. Delegate

(a) One who represents or acts for another person or a group.

(得到委托授权的)代表;代理人

(b) Parliamentary law. A voting member of a convention, whether entitled to vote as an elected or appointed delegate, as an upgraded alternate, or ex officio.

(美)(被选举或被委托参加特别会议的)众议院议员;(全体选民选举并授权在某党派或州的政治集会上代表选民的)代表

注意不要混淆relegate和delegate。前者是“降级;贬职;把……置于次要地位”,后者是“授权;把(工作、权力等)委托给他人(尤指下属);任命、指定”。

4. Proxy

One who is authorised to act as a substitute for another; especially in corporate law, a person who is authorised to vote another’s stock shares.

代理人;代表:尤用于公司法中,指由公司股东授予权利,代表其参加公司会议并投票的人。

该词还有「授权」和「授权委托书,代理委托书」的含义。

5. Alternate

Parliamentary law. A proxy for a delegate, usually chosen in the same manner as the delegate rather than chosen by the delegate. (此处delegate含义为delegate词条中第b项释义)

代理人;候补者;代替者

常用于alternate director (代理董事;替代董事)和alternate juror(候补陪审员;预备陪审员)。

此外,从布莱克词典的英文释义可看出,alternate是delegate(会议代表)的“替代者”,或者说“候补人员”。是不是这个词的含义更倾向于「替代」「候补」而不是通常理解的「代理」呢?

6. Representative

(a) One who stands for or acts on behalf of another.

代表;(代位)继承人;诉讼代理人

比如:sales representative(销售代表)、personal representative(遗产代理人,一般指遗嘱执行人和遗产管理人)。

(b) A member of a legislature,especially of the lower house.

立法机构成员。Representative大写时表示美国众议院议员。

查了下《葛传椝英语惯用法词典》,representative用作名词是「代表」,但并不像delegate有「被派去当代表」的意思。比较这两句:

He represented me at the meeting. (他在会上代表我。)

He delegated me to the meeting. (他派我代表他到会。)

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