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inet_addr、inet_aton、inet_pton等函数

inet_addr、inet_aton、inet_pton等函数

作者: ai___believe | 来源:发表于2017-07-19 12:10 被阅读114次

    转载 http://blog.csdn.net/ithomer/article/details/6100734

    知识背景:

    210.25.132.181属于IP地址的ASCII表示法,也就是字符串形式。英语叫做IPv4 numbers-and-dots notation。
    如果把210.25.132.181转换为整数形式,是3524887733,这个就是整数形式的IP地址。英语叫做binary data。(其实binary是二进制的意思)
    详细介绍,请参考: 网络字节序与主机字节序的转换

    问题所在:

    如何在字符串形式的IP和整数形式的IP之间转换呢?

    转换函数:

    int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp);
    in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp);
    in_addr_t inet_network(const char *cp);
    int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
    const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t cnt);

    IPv4:

    IP字符串 ——》 网络字节流
    inet_addr、inet_network、inet_aton

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <netinet/in.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        char ip[] = "192.168.0.74";
        long r1, r2, r3;  //long
        struct in_addr addr;
    
        r1 = inet_addr(ip); //返回网络字节序
        if(-1 == r1){
            printf("inet_addr return -1/n");
        }else{
            printf("inet_addr ip: %ld/n", r1);
        }
        
        r2 = inet_network(ip);    //返回主机字节序
        if(-1 == r2){
            printf("inet_addr return -1/n");
        }else{
            printf("inet_network ip: %ld/n", r2); 
            printf("inet_network ip: %ld/n", htonl(r2));   //htonl: 主机字节序 ——> 网络字节序
        }
        
        r3 = inet_aton(ip, &addr);  //返回网络字节序
        if(0 == r3){
            printf("inet_aton return -1/n");
        }else{
            printf("inet_aton ip: %ld/n", addr.s_addr);
        }
    
    /*****  批量注释的一种方法  *****/
    #if 0  
        r3 = inet_aton(ip, addr);
        if(0 == r3){
            printf("inet_aton return -1/n");
        }else{
            printf("inet_aton ip: %ld/n", ntohl(addr.s_addr));
        }
    #endif
    
        return 0;
    }
    

    运行结果:

    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ gcc -W -o inet_addr inet_addr.c 
    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ ./inet_addr                     
    inet_addr ip: 1241557184
    inet_network ip: -1062731702
    inet_network ip: 1241557184
    inet_aton ip: 1241557184
    

    IP字符串 《——》 网络字节流
    inet_addr、inet_aton、inet_ntoa

    程序代码:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <netinet/in.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        char ip1[] = "192.168.0.74";
        char ip2[] = "211.100.21.179";
        struct in_addr addr1, addr2;
        long l1, l2;
        l1 = inet_addr(ip1);   //IP字符串——》网络字节
        l2 = inet_addr(ip2);
        printf("IP1: %s/nIP2: %s/n", ip1, ip2);
        printf("Addr1: %ld/nAddr2: %ld/n", l1, l2);
        
        memcpy(&addr1, &l1, 4); //复制4个字节大小
        memcpy(&addr2, &l2, 4);
        printf("%s <--> %s/n", inet_ntoa(addr1), inet_ntoa(addr2)); //注意:printf函数自右向左求值、覆盖
        printf("%s/n", inet_ntoa(addr1)); //网络字节 ——》IP字符串
        printf("%s/n", inet_ntoa(addr2));
        return 0;
    }
    

    运行结果:

    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ gcc -W -o inet_ntoa inet_ntoa.c 
    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ ./inet_ntoa                                      
    IP1: 192.168.0.74
    IP2: 211.100.21.179
    Addr1: 1241557184
    Addr2: 3004523731
    192.168.0.74 <--> 192.168.0.74
    192.168.0.74
    211.100.21.179
    

    IPv6:

    IPv4 字符串 《——》网络字节流
    inet_pton、inet_ntop

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        char ip[] = "192.168.0.74"; 
        struct in_addr addr;
        
        int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, (void *)&addr);   //IP字符串 ——》网络字节流
        if(0 == ret){
            printf("inet_pton error, return 0/n");
            return -1;
        }else{
            printf("inet_pton ip: %ld/n", addr.s_addr);
            printf("inet_pton ip: 0x%x/n", addr.s_addr);
        }
    
        const char *pstr = inet_ntop(AF_INET, (void *)&addr, ip, 128);  //网络字节流 ——》IP字符串
        if(NULL == pstr){
            printf("inet_ntop error, return NULL/n");
            return -1;
        }else{
            printf("inet_ntop ip: %s/n", ip);
        }
        
        return 0;
    }
    

    运行结果:

    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ gcc -W -o inet_ptoa inet_ptoa.c 
    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ ./inet_ptoa                     
    inet_pton ip: 1241557184
    inet_pton ip: 0x4a00a8c0
    inet_ntop ip: 192.168.0.74
    

    IPv6 字符串 《——》网络字节流
    inet_pton、inet_ntop

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    
    int 
    main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        unsigned char buf[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
        int domain, s;
        char str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
    
        if(argc != 3){
            fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s {i4|i6|<num>} string/n", argv[0]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    
        domain = (strcmp(argv[1], "i4") == 0) ? AF_INET:(strcmp(argv[1], "i6") == 0) ? AF_INET6 : atoi(argv[1]);
        
        //IP字符串 ——》网络字节流
        s = inet_pton(domain, argv[2], buf);
        if(s<=0){
            if(0 == s)
                fprintf(stderr, "Not in presentation format/n");
            else
                perror("inet_pton");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    
        //网络字节流 ——》IP字符串
        if(inet_ntop(domain, buf, str, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) == NULL){  
            perror("inet ntop/n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    
        printf("%s/n", str);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
    

    运行结果:

    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ gcc -W -o inet_ptoa6 inet_ptoa6.c                               
    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ ./inet_ptoa6 i6 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:204.152.189.116   
    ::ffff:204.152.189.116
    [work@db-testing-com06-vm3.db01.baidu.com net]$ ./inet_ptoa6 i4 204.152.189.116               
    204.152.189.116
    

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