![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i11806785/347a65ad105bc206.png)
国内小学四、五年级的孩子来到加拿大,补英语自不在话下,而且也并非难事。难的是补社会科学常识课(SocialStudy,这是一门合并了历史、地理、政治、时事、热门话题等内容的课程),因为这门课程所学的内容,不但从语言表述角度讲,无法在英语补习中得到帮助,而且从知识面角度讲,也超出国内来的学生所了解的广度(同样也超出很多本地学生的知识范围)。即便对于一些知识面较广的学生来说,也如此。
以五年级的社会科学常识课的一个讨论作业为例,讨论的是有关再生能源(renewableenergy)的话题。讨论的阅读文章来自媒体报道,网址是http://www.earthtimes.org/encyclopaedia/environmental-issues/renewable-energy/。我们仅摘抄其中约三分之一的片段(文章的长度已经让学生望而生畏了),来看看其中涉及的词汇及相关的知识内容。
Renewable forms of energy(注一:能源的再生形式)have been around forcenturies. Sunlight has been used for making fire and wood was burned forcooking and heat. Wind and water power were early sources of energy with windbeing used for propelling ships and turning windmills since ancient times.Rivers were used to turn watermills and the Romans(注二:罗马人)even used geothermalwater for heating.
注一.能源的再生形式:“再生能源”对大多数这个年级的学生是个陌生概念,而其多种形式学生们更是从来未听说过,尽管一讲解都会恍然大悟。(凡是学生不知道的知识,都要求学生回去后再次搜索,回来讲解。之后,辅导老师负责对知识的展开讲述。)
注二.罗马人:虽然有些学生听说过罗马,蛋很多学生不了解古罗马文明,所以不明白为什么此处要提罗马人,而不提其他国家的人。
Until the middle of the 18th century(注三:十八世纪)renewable sources ofenergy were the only forms of energy available, but then, with the advent ofthe Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels(注四:化石燃料)began to be exploited.
注三.十八世纪:在近现代史中,十八世纪是个重要的划时代的时期。对国内来的学生来说,非常陌生。本地学生尽管未学到有关历史,但会从日常大量书籍故事中了解一二。
注四.化石燃料:这种称呼让学生似懂非懂。这取决于学生是否了解煤炭、石油及天然气是如何形成的。
For the next 200 years fossil fuels reigned supreme, but inthe last 50 years, people began to wake up to the fact that fossil fuels wouldnot last for ever. Prices were becoming very unstable(注五: 价格开始变得很不稳定)and there was a general wake-up to the fact that emissions from these fossilfuels were doing enormous harm to the Earth's atmosphere(注六:地球的大气层). This gave rise toconsiderable concern over global climate change. As a result, attention beganto turn once again to sources of renewable energy and modern renewable energytechnology dates from this time.
注五.价格开始变得很不稳定:这需要简单介绍价格与供求关系、炒作关系的知识。
注六.地球大气层:需要讲解地球表面大气层结构的基本知识。
Renewable energy is any form of energy obtained from naturalresources, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, geothermal heat and biomass.Currently about 20% of the world's energy comes from renewable sources,although only about 13% comes from biomass(注七:生物物质、生物质、生物量), and that is mostlyfrom wood burning.
注七.生物物质(生物质、生物量):这是一个1980年代才出现的新概念,用于生态学研究中,是从生物学角度看待生命物质的存在形式(如植物群落)和量。而在能源话题中,主要指植物物质可提供的能源,亦属再生能源(这种活着的能源与化石物质燃料相对,可比照解释)。这需要用具体例子给学生讲解,如从玉米等农作物中提取燃料。
Throughout the world there is significant potential toharness renewable energy in various forms. If a country is lacking in one formof energy, it is usually rich in another form. A good example is the SaharaDesert(注八:撒哈拉沙漠),where there is enormous potential for solar power, but none for hydroelectricity.
注八.撒哈拉沙漠:这段讲的是,一个国家如果缺乏某种形式的能源,通常会富有其他形式的能源。这里的例子就是撒哈拉沙漠缺水力资源,但却有着极其丰富的太阳能资源。有些学生不知道此沙漠;有些学生一下子理解不了这里的对比。关键问题是缺乏对太阳能和水能发电的认识,需要先补足这方面的知识。
For domestic use renewable energy systems are oftenexpensive to install, but they are able to pay for themselves over a number ofyears(注九:多年之后,最初付出的钱就会慢慢找回来了).As technology advances, initial costs fall and this payback period becomesshorter. In addition, many governments promote renewable sources of energy bysubsidising installations.
注九.整个这一段对这个年级的学生来说比较难。讲的是使用再生能源先期昂贵的投入,会随着时间的流逝得到补偿。随着技术的进步,初期成本会下降,回报期会缩短,而且政府为鼓励使用这类能源,多会提供补助。
这里摘录的只是这篇文章的三分之一,余下内容是介绍各种形式的再生能源,各种再生能源的利弊等,出现相对专业的词汇和知识,对学生更是个挑战。
从这个例子可以看出,给新移民的小学生辅导英语不仅要在传统认识中的词汇、语法、读和写上下功夫,打好基础,赶上班级进度,还要注意辅导其他课程,这些课程不但需要语言能力,还需要科普知识。这样,才能更好地帮助他们较全面地跟上相应的年级步伐,更好更快地融入本地学习生活中,提高学生的全面学习能力和语言表述技能。
(题图取自网络)
网友评论