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Flutter TextField详解

Flutter TextField详解

作者: 锐心凌志 | 来源:发表于2019-07-31 11:58 被阅读11次

    实现TextField说简单也简单,说有坑,坑也不小,下面从易到难介绍一下使用

    1.最简单的就是无参数调用构造方法:

    TextField()
    
    

    2.光有输入框还不行,还得获取其中的内容,所以需要传递controller:

    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField(TextEditingController controller) {
        return TextField(
          controller: controller,
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        final controller = TextEditingController();
        controller.addListener(() {
          print('input ${controller.text}');
        });
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
            child: buildTextField(controller),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    

    我通过给controller添加通知来获取TextField的值,这种使用场景不一定合适,更多的时候是在点击按钮的时候直接读取controller.text的值

    3.另外TextFiled还有一下小的属性:

    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField(TextEditingController controller) {
        return TextField(
          controller: controller,
          maxLength: 30,//最大长度,设置此项会让TextField右下角有一个输入数量的统计字符串
          maxLines: 1,//最大行数
          autocorrect: true,//是否自动更正
          autofocus: true,//是否自动对焦
          obscureText: true,//是否是密码
          textAlign: TextAlign.center,//文本对齐方式
          style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30.0, color: Colors.blue),//输入文本的样式
          inputFormatters: [WhitelistingTextInputFormatter.digitsOnly],//允许的输入格式
          onChanged: (text) {//内容改变的回调
            print('change $text');
          },
          onSubmitted: (text) {//内容提交(按回车)的回调
            print('submit $text');
          },
          enabled: true,//是否禁用
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        final controller = TextEditingController();
        controller.addListener(() {
          print('input ${controller.text}');
        });
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
            child: buildTextField(controller),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    

    4.接着我还能显示placeholder

    decoration可以给TextField添加装饰

    TextField(
          decoration:
              InputDecoration(fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100, filled: true, labelText: 'Hello'),
        );
    
    

    fillColor设置填充颜色,labelText设置标签文字,这个标签在没有输入的时候是占满输入框的,当输入聚焦以后,就会缩小到输入框左上角:

    image image
    TextField(
          decoration: InputDecoration(
              fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100, filled: true, hintText: 'Hello', errorText: 'error'),
        );
    
    

    hintText就是普通的placeholder,输入后就不显示了,errorText是错误提示

    5.还能显示一些别的装饰

    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField() {
        return TextField(
          decoration: InputDecoration(
              fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100,
              filled: true,
              helperText: 'help',
              prefixIcon: Icon(Icons.local_airport),
              suffixText: 'airport'),
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
            child: buildTextField(),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    
    image

    6.这些还不过瘾,我不喜欢这个安卓风格的下面的装饰线,我想变成圆角矩形的边框

    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField() {
        return TextField(
          decoration: InputDecoration(
              contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
              border: OutlineInputBorder(
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
    //            borderSide: BorderSide(color: Colors.red, width: 3.0, style: BorderStyle.solid)//没什么卵效果
              )),
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Container(
            color: Colors.blue.shade100,
            child: Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
              child: buildTextField(),
            ),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    
    image

    7.改变装饰线颜色

    无论是下面的装饰线,还是矩形边框装饰线,对焦后显示的颜色,都是主题颜色的primaryColor,失去焦点以后就是黑色,这显然不能满足自定义的需求,但是通过各种努力发现,改变边框颜色很困难,最后发现了这个答案:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49600139/how-to-change-textfield-underline-color

    所以正确的设置边框颜色的方式是这样的:

    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField() {
        return Theme(
          data: new ThemeData(primaryColor: Colors.red, hintColor: Colors.blue),
          child: TextField(
            decoration: InputDecoration(
                contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
                border: OutlineInputBorder(
                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
    //            borderSide: BorderSide(color: Colors.red, width: 3.0, style: BorderStyle.solid)//没什么卵效果
                )),
          ),
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
            child: buildTextField(),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    
    image

    8.改变边框的粗细

    这些TextField的decoration彻底不能满足要求了,需要重构成这种方式:

    
    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
      Widget buildTextField() {
        return Container(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
          alignment: Alignment.center,
          height: 60.0,
          decoration: new BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.blueGrey,
              border: new Border.all(color: Colors.black54, width: 4.0),
              borderRadius: new BorderRadius.circular(12.0)),
          child: new TextFormField(
            decoration: InputDecoration.collapsed(hintText: 'hello'),
          ),
        );
      }
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text('TextField'),
          ),
          body: Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
            child: buildTextField(),
          ),
        );
      }
    }
    
    
    image

    InputDecoration.collapsed可以禁用装饰线,而是使用外面包围的Container的装饰线

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