3. Python数据可视化Pygal

1. 安装Pygal

pip3 install --user pygal

2. 使用Pygal模拟掷骰子

1. 定义骰子类

from random import randint

class Die():
    """表示一个骰子的类"""
    def __init__(self, num_sides=6):
        """骰子默认为6面"""
        self.num_sides = num_sides

    def roll(self):
        """返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值"""
        return randint(1,self.num_sides)
        pass
        

2. 随机掷100次

from die import Die

#创建一个D6
die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1,100):
    result = die.roll()
    results.append(result)
        
print(results)

3. 分析结果

from die import Die

#创建一个D6
die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1,1000):
    result = die.roll()
    results.append(result)

#分析结果
frequencies = []
for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)

print(frequencies)

4. 使用pygal将结果绘制成直方图

from die import Die
import pygal

#创建一个D6
die = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1,1000):
    result = die.roll()
    results.append(result)

#分析结果
frequencies = []
for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化
hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.x_labels = ['1','2','3','4','5','6']
hist.x_title = "results"
hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6',frequencies)
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

print(frequencies)

生成svg文件使用浏览器打开

image

5. 同时掷俩个骰子结果分析

from die import Die
import pygal

#创建一个D6
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die()

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1,1000):
    result = die_1.roll()+die_2.roll()
    results.append(result)

#分析结果
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides+die_2.num_sides
for value in range(1,max_result+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化
hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.title="Results of rolling two D6 dice 1000 times"
hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12']
hist.x_title = "results"
hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6+D6',frequencies)
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

image

6. 同时掷俩个不同面数的骰子

from die import Die
import pygal

#创建一个D6
die_1 = Die()
die_2 = Die(10)

#掷几次骰子，并将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
for roll_num in range(1,50000):
    result = die_1.roll()+die_2.roll()
    results.append(result)

#分析结果
frequencies = []
max_result = die_1.num_sides+die_2.num_sides
for value in range(2,max_result+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)

#对结果进行可视化
hist = pygal.Bar()

hist.title="Results of rolling two D6 dice 50000 times"
hist.x_labels = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12','13','14','15','16']
hist.x_title = "results"
hist.y_title = "frequency for Result"

hist.add('D6+D6',frequencies)
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

image