while循环
while <condition>:
<statesments>
Python会循环执行<statesments>,直到<condition>不满足为止。
例如,计算数字0到1000000的和:
i = 0
total = 0
while i < 1000000:
total += i
i += 1
print(total)
之前提到,空容器会被当成 False ,因此可以用 while 循环来读取容器中的所有元素:
plays = set(['Hamlet', 'Macbeth', 'King Lear'])
while plays:
play = plays.pop()
print ('Perform', play)
Perform King Lear
Perform Macbeth
Perform Hamlet
循环每次从 plays 中弹出一个元素,一直到 plays 为空为止。
for 循环
for <variable> in <sequence>:
<indented block of code>
for 循环会遍历完<sequence>中所有元素为止
上一个例子可以改写成如下形式:
plays = set(['Hamlet', 'Macbeth', 'King Lear'])
for play in plays:
print('Perform', play)
使用 for 循环时,注意尽量不要改变 plays 的值,否则可能会产生意想不到的结果。
之前的求和也可以通过 for 循环来实现:
total = 0
for i in range(100000):
total += i
print(total)
continue语句
同java c
break
同java c
else语句
与 if 一样, while 和 for 循环后面也可以跟着 else 语句,不过要和break一起连用。
- 当循环正常结束时,循环条件不满足, else 被执行;
- 当循环被 break 结束时,循环条件仍然满足, else 不执行。
不执行:
values = [7, 6, 4, 7, 19, 2, 1]
for x in values:
if x <= 10:
print('Found:', x)
break
else:
print('All values greater than 10')
Found: 7
执行:
values = [11, 12, 13, 100]
for x in values:
if x <= 10:
print('Found:', x)
break
else:
print ('All values greater than 10')
All values greater than 10
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