亚马逊面试 Behavior Question 的一些Tips

Our Leadership Principles 领导力准则

引用：
https://www.aboutamazon.com/our-leadership-principles
https://www.amazon.jobs/zh/principles

• 01 Customer obsession 顾客至尚
  Leaders start with the customer and work backwards. They work vigorously to earn and keep customer trust. Although leaders pay attention to competitors, they obsess over customers.
  领导者从客户入手，再反向推动工作。他们努力工作，赢得并维系客户对他们的信任。虽然领导者会关注竞争对手，但是他们更关注客户。

• 02 Ownership 主人翁精神
  Leaders are owners. They think long term and don't sacrifice long-term value for short-term results. They act on behalf of the entire company, beyond just their own team. They never say "that's not my job."
  领导者是主人翁。他们会从长远考虑，不会为了短期业绩而牺牲长期价值。他们不仅仅代表自己的团队，而且代表整个公司行事。他们绝不会说“那不是我的工作”。

• 03 Invent and simplify 创新简化
  Leaders expect and require innovation and invention from their teams and always find ways to simplify. They are externally aware, look for new ideas from everywhere, and are not limited by "not invented here." As we do new things, we accept that we may be misunderstood for long periods of time.
  领导者期望并要求自己的团队进行创新和发明，并始终寻求使工作简化的方法。他们了解外界动态，四处寻找新的创意，并且不局限于“非我发明”的观念。当我们开展新事物时，我们要接受被长期误解的可能。

• 04 Are right, a lot 决策正确
  Leaders are right a lot. They have strong business judgment and good instincts. They seek diverse perspectives and work to disconfirm their beliefs.
  领导者在大多数情况下都能做出正确的决定。他们拥有卓越的业务判断能力和敏锐的直觉.他们寻求多样的视角，并挑战自己的观念。

• 05 Learn and be curious 好奇求知
  Leaders are never done learning and always seek to improve themselves. They are curious about new possibilities and act to explore them.
  领导者从不停止学习，并不断寻找机会以提升自己。领导者对各种可能性充满好奇并付于行动加以探索。

• 06 Hire and develop the best 选贤育能
  Leaders raise the performance bar with every hire and promotion. They recognize exceptional talent, and willingly move them throughout the organization. Leaders develop leaders and take seriously their role in coaching others. We work on behalf of our people to invent mechanisms for development like Career Choice.
  领导者不断提升招聘和晋升员工的标准。他们表彰杰出的人才，并乐于在组织中通过轮岗磨砺他们。领导者培养领导人才，他们严肃地对待自己育才树人的职责。领导者从员工角度出发，创建职业发展机制。

• 07 Insist on the highest standards 最高标准
  Leaders have relentlessly high standards—many people may think these standards are unreasonably high. Leaders are continually raising the bar and driving their teams to deliver high-quality products, services, and processes. Leaders ensure that defects do not get sent down the line and that problems are fixed so they stay fixed.
  领导者有着近乎严苛的高标准 — 这些标准在很多人看来可能高得不可理喻。领导者不断提高标准，激励自己的团队提供优质产品、服务和流程。领导者会确保任何问题不会蔓延，及时彻底解决问题并确保问题不再出现。

• 08 Think big 远见卓识
  Thinking small is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Leaders create and communicate a bold direction that inspires results. They think differently and look around corners for ways to serve customers.
  局限性思考只能带来局限性的结果。领导者大胆提出并阐明大局策略，由此激发良好的成果。他们从不同角度考虑问题，并广泛寻找服务客户的方式。

• 09 Bias for action 崇尚行动
  Speed matters in business. Many decisions and actions are reversible and do not need extensive study. We value calculated risk taking.
  速度对业务影响至关重要。很多决策和行动都可以改变，因此不需要进行过于广泛的推敲。我们提倡在深思熟虑前提下进行冒险。

• 10 Frugality 勤俭节约
  Accomplish more with less. Constraints breed resourcefulness, self-sufficiency and invention. There are no extra points for growing headcount, budget size, or fixed expense.
  力争以更少的投入实现更大的产出。勤俭节约可以让我们开动脑筋、自给自足并不断创新。增加人力、预算以及固定支出并不会为你赢得额外加分。

• 11 Earn trust 赢得信任
  Leaders listen attentively, speak candidly, and treat others respectfully. They are vocally self-critical, even when doing so is awkward or embarrassing. Leaders do not believe their or their team’s body odor smells of perfume. They benchmark themselves and their teams against the best.
  领导者专注倾听，坦诚沟通，尊重他人。领导者敢于自我批评，即便这样做会令自己尴尬或难堪。他们并不认为自己或其团队总是对的。领导者会以最佳领导者和团队为标准来要求自己及其团队。

• 12 Dive deep 刨根问底
  Leaders operate at all levels, stay connected to the details, audit frequently, and are skeptical when metrics and anecdote differ. No task is beneath them.
  ​领导者深入各个环节，随时掌控细节，经常进行审核，当数据与传闻不一致时持有怀疑态度。领导者不会遗漏任何工作。

• 13 Have backbone, disagree and commit 敢于谏言，服从大局
  Leaders are obligated to respectfully challenge decisions when they disagree, even when doing so is uncomfortable or exhausting. Leaders have conviction and are tenacious. They do not compromise for the sake of social cohesion. Once a decision is determined, they commit wholly.
  ​领导者必须要能够不卑不亢地质疑他们无法苟同的决策，哪怕这样做让人心烦意乱，精疲力尽。领导者要信念坚定，矢志不移。他们不会为了保持一团和气而屈就妥协。一旦做出决定，他们就会全身心地致力于实现目标。

• 14 Deliver results 达成业绩
  Leaders focus on the key inputs for their business and deliver them with the right quality and in a timely fashion. Despite setbacks, they rise to the occasion and never settle.
  领导者会关注其业务的关键决定条件，确保工作质量并及时完成。尽管遭受挫折，领导者依然勇于面对挑战，从不气馁。

如何在面试中使用领导力准则

引用：
How to Interview at Amazon Using the Amazon Leadership Principles

1. Take them seriously 认真对待

2. Read them carefully 仔细阅读

Some of these are not easy to understand ("Are right, a lot" is one that confuses people).
有一些原则不是很容易理解，例如 "Are right, a lot 决策正确"

3. Memorize them 记住他们（14条领导力准则）

为啥要记住？
A popular interview question: 一个典型的面试题：
"Which Amazon leadership principle do you resonate most with?" 哪一条领导力准则你最有共鸣？

4. Understand how interviews are evaluated 弄清楚面试者是如何被评价的

You must incorporate the principles into your responses because your responses are evaluated and you are rated based on how well you performed according to the leadership principles.
你需要将领导力准则融入到你的回答中，因为面试官会根据你在领导力准则上的表现来给你打分。

In other words, you don't just show you have a bias for action by stating that outright when directly asked, you show it by answering all the questions, even the ones about customer obsession or ownership, with answers that highlight your quick responses (among other things).
例如，你可能会被直接问到 “bias for action” 的问题。同时，你在回答其他问题时，例如 “customer obsession” 或者 “ownership”，也可以展现你的 “bias for action”。

For instance, if you get asked, "How did you solve a recent business problem?" and you talk about how you researched the problem for six months and brought in a team of consultants to do more research, this is not demonstrating a bias for action. This is showing you move slowly and think about things for a long time before you act.
例如，你被问到 “你是如何解决最近碰到的业务问题的？”如果你回答说你花了6个月的时间来研究，又找了一个咨询团队来帮助你。这个回答不能证明你的 “bias for action”，反倒说明你行动比较慢。同时也说明了你在 “ownership”，“dive deep” 和 deliver results” 等方面的不足。

5. Plan your answers using STAR 使用STAR方法论

These are the 4 steps of the technique:

• S - Situation 状况 - context, background
• T - Task 任务 - what you had to do (not the team - you 不是对Team的，而是你自己的)
• A - Activity 活动 - what you did - use as much detail as possible - this should be the longest part of the answer 需要很详细，这是描述最长的一部分
• R - Result 结果 - positive; quantifiable; what you learned; what you would do differently next time 需要是积极的，可度量的

Which questions can you answer using STAR? Ones that sound like this, "Tell me about a time when..." So the question might be, "Tell me about a time when you showed customer obsession" or "Give me an example of how you've showed customer obsession." 例如，“你什么时候/什么例子体现过客户至上的准则？”

Use "I" in your answers. Don't talk about what your team did. 重点说你自己个人的事情，不要说团队做的事情。

6. Should you use their words in the answers? 是否要使用原话？

If you get asked, "Tell me about a time you showed customer obsession" should your answer use the exact words "customer obsession"? Not necessarily.
You can say you "value customers" or "pay attention to customers" or "are customer oriented." Or if you want to use their words you can say you are "obsessed" with customers.

7. Keep your answers short and clear 回答简洁明了

Answers should be between 1 and 2 minutes long. 2 is on the long side and may be too long unless you are giving an example that requires a lot of detail. 回答控制到1到2分钟。

8. Prepare two stories for each principle 为每一条原则准备两个故事

They may ask you one question about a principle and then ask if you have another example. If you've only prepared one example that shows how you're customer obsessed, you'll be in trouble.

9. Don't worry about your English too much 不用太焦虑英语

Your English doesn't have to be perfect to succeed at an Amazon interview.

如何准备 Behavior Question

引用：
How to answer behavioral interview questions at your Amazon job interview

• Look at the job description for clues about probable behavioral question topics
  多看看岗位的描述，不同的岗位会对应不同的问题。

• Use stories to answer behavioral questions
  多举例子，多讲故事

• Use the STAR technique to structure your stories
  使用STAR方法论

• Prepare for behavioral interview questions even if you're applying for a technical role
  即使是申请技术性岗位，也需要准备Behavior Question方面的面试

• Behavioral interview questions popular at Amazon
  一些比较常见的问题？

  • 1. Tell me a challenge you had where the best way forward was not clear cut. How did you decide what to do?
       如果前方最好的道理没法通行，你是如何应对这个挑战的？
  • 2. Give me an example of something you tried to accomplish but failed.
       举个例子，你努力尝试了，但是最后失败了。
  • 3. Give me an example of a time when you showed initiative.
       举个例子，说明你有主动性。
  • 4. Give me an example of a time when you motivated others.
       举个例子，你鼓励过他人。
  • 5. Tell me about a time when you delegated a project effectively.
       举个例子，你高效地委派项目。
  • 6. Tell me about a time when you coached someone.
       举个例子，你指导过他人。
  • 7. When have you used your fact finding skills to solve a problem?
       举个例子，你通过发掘事实来解决实际问题。

A good sample answer for a common behavioral question 一个回答的实例

Give an example of a goal you reached and tell me how you achieved it.
举个例子，你实现了什么目标？你又是如何实现的？

S - Last year at my quarterly review my boss explained to me that I needed to improve my public speaking skills, since I'm in marketing and give presentations to my colleagues and clients frequently. He said that I speak too softly and too quickly and don't explain my ideas clearly.

T/A - I didn't know how to get better at this, so I hired an executive coach. I worked with her for a month, and then joined a group of her former clients who meet once a week to give speeches in front of each other. With her help and all of their comments and support, I learned to see what my weaknesses were.

R - After working on my skills for several months, I could see that my presentations were better. At my next review, my boss agreed. Now I am continuing to meet with the group so that my skills keep improving. I want to be even better than I am now so that I give excellent presentations.