21. Blog接口开发

作者: 软件测试汪 | 来源:发表于2019-06-10 16:07 被阅读1次

    一般的系统由登录、增删改查所组成。我们的Blog同样如此。我们会开发登录、创建博客、删除博客、修改博客、查询博客等功能。话不多说,我们直接展开实践吧。

    思路分析

    1. 创建项目。既然我们要创建一个blog,那么我们第一步肯定是创建一个django项目。
    2. 创建应用。我们上面已经学过,应用是放在django项目中的。
    3. 设计数据库。我们之前提到过MTV设计模式,其中M我们没有用到。但是在Blog系统中我们将会用到。因为我们会创建博客,所以会有数据存储。
    4. 编写视图函数V
    5. 配置URL

    代码实现

    1. 创建项目 django-admin blog
    2. 创建应用 django-admin startproject article,2.blog/settings.py添加article应用,如下代码所示:
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
        'article',
    ]
    
    1. 设计数据库 在article/modles.py输入如下代码:
    from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    class Article(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=10, )
        author = models.CharField(max_length=10)
        content = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    date_publish = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
    

    备注:_str_的作用是美化打印出来的结果,使人类更方便查看。

    1. 新建blog数据库 打开wampserver、Navicat,新建blog数据库

    2. 连接本地数据库 因为我们要使用Navicat连接数据库,所以我们需要对我们的项目进行一些修改,打开settings.py文件,注释粗体部分代码,添加数据库配置代码,如下所示:

    # Database
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
    
    # DATABASES = {
    #     'default': {
    #         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #         'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    #     }
    # }
    
    # 新增代码
    DATABASES = {
        'default':{
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
            'PORT': '3306',
            'NAME': 'blog',
            'USER': 'root',
            'PASSWORD': '',
            'OPTIONS': {
                'init_command': "SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'",
            },
        }
    }
    

    6.在.../blog/init.py 目录下添加:

    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb() 
    
    1. 数据库迁移 执行python manage.py makemigrations,再执行python manage.py migrate
    python manage.py makemigrations 
    python manage.py migrate
    
    1. 创建用户。因为我们接口实现登录的功能,所以我们需要创建用户 。
    F:\新建文件夹\blog>python3 manage.py createsuperuser
    Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): admin
    Email address: admin@qq.com
    Password:
    Password (again):
    Superuser created successfully.
    
    1. 编写视图函数V,打开article/views.py,输入如下代码
    from django.http import JsonResponse
    from .models import Article
    from django.contrib import auth
    
    
    
    # 登录接口
    def login(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            username = request.POST.get('username', '')
            password = request.POST.get('password', '')
            if username == '' or password == '':
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'username or password null'})
            user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
            if user is not None:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'login success'})
            else:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'username or password error'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
    
    # 添加文章接口
    def add_article(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            id = request.POST.get('id', '')
            title = request.POST.get('title', '')
            author = request.POST.get('author', '')
            content = request.POST.get('content', '')
    
            if id == '' or title == '' or author == '' or content == '':
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id or title or author or content null'})
    
            if len(title) > 10:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章标题过长'})
            if len(author) > 10:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '作者名称过长'})
            if len(content) > 500:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章内容过长'})
    
            try:
                result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
            except ValueError:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
    
            if result:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'article id already exists'})
            else:
                try:
                    Article.objects.create(id=id, title=title, author=author, content=content)
                except BaseException as e:
                    return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': e})
                finally:
                    data = {
                        "id": id,
                        "title": title,
                        "author": author,
                        "content": content
                    }
                    return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'data': data, 'message': 'add article success'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
    
    
    # 修改文章接口
    def modify_article(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            id = request.POST.get('id', '')
            title = request.POST.get('title', '')
            author = request.POST.get('author', '')
            content = request.POST.get('content', '')
    
            if id == '' or title == '' or author == '' or content == '':
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id or title or author or content null'})
    
            try:
                result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
            except ValueError:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
            if not result:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'article not exist'})
    
            if len(title) > 10:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章标题过长'})
            if len(author) > 10:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '作者名称过长'})
            if len(content) > 500:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '文章内容过长'})
    
            try:
                Article.objects.filter(id=id).update(id=id, title=title, author=author, content=content)
            except BaseException as e:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': e})
            finally:
                data = {
                    "id": id,
                    "title": title,
                    "author": author,
                    "content": content
                }
                return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'data': data, 'message': 'modify article success'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
    
    
    # 删除文章接口
    def delete_article(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            id = request.POST.get('id', '')
            if id == '':
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id null'})
            try:
                result = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
            except ValueError:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': "参数类型错误"})
            if not result:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'id not exist'})
            try:
                Article.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
            except BaseException:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': '删除文章失败'})
            finally:
                return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'delete article success'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
    
    
    # 查询文章接口
    def get_article(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
            title = request.POST.get("title", "")
            if title == '':
                data = []
                articles = Article.objects.all()
                if articles:
                    for article in articles:
                        r = {
                            "id": article.id,
                            "title": article.title,
                            "author": article.author,
                            "content": article.content
                        }
                        data.append(r)
                    return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'success', 'data': data})
            if title != '':
                data = []
                articles = Article.objects.filter(title__contains=title)
                if articles:
                    for article in articles:
                        r = {
                            "id": article.id,
                            "title": article.title,
                            "author": article.author,
                            "content": article.content
                        }
                        data.append(r)
                    return JsonResponse({'status': 1, 'message': 'success', 'data': data})
                else:
                    return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'query result is empty'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': 0, 'message': 'request type error'})
    
    1. 配置URL 打开blog/urls.py输入如下代码
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from article import views
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('add_article', views.add_article),
        path('modify_article', views.modify_article),
        path('delete_article', views.delete_article),
        path('get_article', views.get_article),
        path('login', views.login),
    
    ]
    
    1. 启动blog 在manage.py同级目录,输入python manage.py runserver
    F:\新建文件夹\blog>python manage.py runserver
    Performing system checks...
    
    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    March 04, 2019 - 13:25:31
    Django version 2.1.4, using settings 'blog.settings'
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
    

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