本文主要用于自我学习和交流，如有错误欢迎指正，不胜感激
先看一下我们通常的使用方法
// 1 初始化Retrofit,设置相关参数
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
// 2 通过动态代理创建解析出定义API接口中的方法和注解参数，并创建方法实例
GitHubService service = retrofit.create(GitHubService.class);
Call<List<Repo>> repos = service.listRepos("octocat"); // 此处会执行动态代理InvokeHandler的invoke方法
// 3 最终调用执行方法，实际是调用的OkHttp3的网络请求，这里会在下一篇文章的解析
repos.enqueue(new Callback<List<Repo>>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<List<Repo>> call, Response<List<Repo>> response) {
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<List<Repo>> call, Throwable t) {
}
})
一、Retrofit初始化
==建造者模式==，使用Builder来创建复杂对象Retrofit
Builder(Platform platform) {
this.platform = platform;
// 添加了默认的转换器工厂
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
}
public Builder() {
// 无参构造方法，自动获取平台来初始化Android,Java8
this(Platform.get());
}
我们主要看一下Retrofit.Builder的==build==方法
/**
* Create the {@link Retrofit} instance using the configured values.
* <p>
* Note: If neither {@link #client} nor {@link #callFactory} is called a default {@link
* OkHttpClient} will be created and used.
* 通过配置创建Retrofit实例，如果没有给Retrofit设置client或者callFactory,
* 那么会创建并使用默认的OkHttpClient
*/
public Retrofit build() {
// 1.1 检验baseUrl是否为空
if (baseUrl == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
// 1.2 获取执行网络请求调用call的callFactory,如果没有则会使用默认的OkHttpClient
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
if (callFactory == null) {
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
}
// 1.3 获取默认的回调执行器，没有设置会使用默认平台的执行器,主要用于执行call中返回的execute,request,enqueue等方法
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
}
// 1.4 制作适配器的防御副本并添加默认的呼叫适配器。
// Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
// 1.5 制作转换器的防御副本
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);
// 1.6 使用上述参数创建retrofit对象
return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}
二、retrofit创建接口实例
下面我们先分析一下create中进行的操作
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety.
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
// 2.1 校验传入的参数是否是interface类型
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
// 这里validateEagerly默认初始化为false
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
// 2.2 使用动态代理，解析接口方法的注解和申明字段，并创建传入接口的实例
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// 如果是继承自父类Object的方法
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
// 平台自带的方法
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
// 步骤一 ：Service接口上申明的方法, 这里会解析方法的注解，参数和返回值，并根据相关的信息找到对应的转换器Converter和CallAdapter，这些信息都将保存在ServiceMethod中,最后将方法参数和ServiceMethod存入OkHttpCall中
ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
// 将OkHttpCall转换成对应平台的Call,Android -> ExecutorCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall, Java8 ->DefaultCallAdapterFactory.new CallAdapter()
return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
}
});
}
三、执行网络请求
Java动态代理就会拦截被调用的Java方法，然后解析这个Java方法的注解，最后生成Request由OkHttp发送，最终转化为对应平台的CallAdapter返回给调用者，这里就是动态代理在Retrofit中的精髓所在
先分析下核心的步骤一，通过动态代理拿到接口方法Method method和其参数Object[] args，下面我们具体的看一下==ServiceMethod.loadServiceMethod==中具体进行了哪些操作。
ServiceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
// 从缓存中查看是否解析过该方法
ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
// 缓存中没有的话，同步执行解析方法，并将解析接过存入缓存中
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
// Builder构造方法，获取了方法的注解，参数类型，参数注解
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
==ServiceMethod==是ServiceMethod中核心的方法，需要详细的分析
public ServiceMethod build() {
// 1.创建出调用Adapter,并获取响应类型
callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
responseType = callAdapter.responseType();
// 判断响应类型是否合法
if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
throw methodError("'"
+ Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName()
+ "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
}
// 2. 根据初始化Retrofit时候设置的转化器和默认的转化器BuildInConverter，创建对应方法响应的converter，当有多个符合条件的转化器时，会选择List中第一个符合条件的converter
responseConverter = createResponseConverter();
// 3. 转化接口方法注解，
for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
}
......
// 4. 解析方法参数注解,并存储在ParameterHandler中
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
parameterType);
}
Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
}
parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
}
......
// 最终把Builder中的数据存入到ServiceMethod中
return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
}
作为Retrofit中经典的转换器==Converter==和调用适配器==CallAdapter==，会单独的进行详细的说明，这里大家能看懂主流程即可
private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() {
// 1. 获取方法的返回值类型
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
// 2. 校验是否有不可取类型的返回类型，具体的泛型相关的知识我们单独将
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
throw methodError(
"Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
}
// 返回不可为空
if (returnType == void.class) {
throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
}
// 3. 获取方法注解
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
try {
//noinspection unchecked
// 4. 查找对应的CallAdapter
return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
} catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
}
}
继续分析Retrofit的callAdapter方法，这里传入了我们的返回值类型和方法的注解
public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
}
// 查找出合适的调用适配器，Android默认的是
public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(@Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
Annotation[] annotations) {
checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");
// skipPast为null,所以start = 0, 默认adapterFactories中仅存在Android 平台的ExecutorCallAdapterFactory
int start = adapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
if (adapter != null) {
return adapter;
}
}
......
// 构建报错信息，并throw
throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
}
继续研究下ExecutorCallAdapterFactory
@Override
public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
// 获取返回类型的原始类型，如果不是Call返回空, 一般我们定义接口Interface的返回值：Call
if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
return null;
}
final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
@Override public Type responseType() {
return responseType;
}
@Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
}
};
}
从converterFactories中找出合适的转换适配器
public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextResponseBodyConverter(null, type, annotations);
}
public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> nextResponseBodyConverter(
@Nullable Converter.Factory skipPast, Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
checkNotNull(type, "type == null");
checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");
int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
if (converter != null) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (Converter<ResponseBody, T>) converter;
}
}
转换retrofit2.http包下对应的注解头信息，请求方式、请求Header、请求体数据类型MIME1
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
if (!Void.class.equals(responseType)) {
throw methodError("HEAD method must use Void as response type.");
}
} else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
} else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
throw methodError("@Headers annotation is empty.");
}
headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
} else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isMultipart = true;
} else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isFormEncoded = true;
}
}
转化http方法和路径
private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
if (this.httpMethod != null) {
throw methodError("Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.",
this.httpMethod, httpMethod);
}
// 设置请求方式(POST,GET,PUT等)和是是否有请求体
this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
this.hasBody = hasBody;
if (value.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
// 检查url的相对路径?后是否包含有{id}来动态的查询的请求串,如果有抛出异常，uurl中使用动态的查询替换可以使用@Query，而不是{}方式
// Get the relative URL path and existing query string, if present.
int question = value.indexOf('?');
if (question != -1 && question < value.length() - 1) {
// Ensure the query string does not have any named parameters.
String queryParams = value.substring(question + 1);
Matcher queryParamMatcher = PARAM_URL_REGEX.matcher(queryParams);
if (queryParamMatcher.find()) {
throw methodError("URL query string \"%s\" must not have replace block. "
+ "For dynamic query parameters use @Query.", queryParams);
}
}
// 设置请求相对路径和请求路径中的需要动态替换的参数
this.relativeUrl = value;
this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
}
总结上面的步骤
- 找到接口方法对应的转化器converter
- 找到接口方法对应的调用适配器CallAdapter
- 解析接口方法的注解，获取对应的请求方式，请求相对路径，路径上动态的路径参数
- 解析接口方法的参数，获取对应的注解
- 将请求包装成OkHttpCall,并转化成对应平台的类型，最后调用serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)
- 最后当我们调用adapter的excute或enqueue时，交由代理类okHttpCall来完成
主要调用过程核心类
- Retrofit
- Retrofit.Builder
-
==MethodService==
- MethodService.Builder
- CallAdapter.Factory
- ExecutorCallAdapterFactory (Android平台)
- DefaultCallAdapterFactory (默认、Java8)
- Converter.Factory
- BuiltInConverters
- Call
- OkHttpCall
- ExecutorCallbackCall
关于OkHttp相关的操作，我们将在下一篇文章进行分析, 动态代理过程中涉及到很多的泛型和Method、Type的使用，这些也会逐步更新
本文主要用于自我学习和交流，如有错误欢迎指正，不胜感激
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