第35篇精读
1：精读原文和译文摘自新概念英语；英英释义来自牛津、朗文及柯林斯词典；
2：新概念英语精读系列旨在通过精读经典教材，夯实英语基础（词汇、长难句、语法点），积攒原汁原味的表达；
3：关注本公众号“transhare翻译”，后台回复“新概念”，可得到新概念电子书及相关音频的获取方式。
新概念精读系列分享设置每日小打卡共学圈（加入方式见文末）
本篇文章有3大段，建议分3次打卡
每周星期二和星期五更新
阅读方法建议：
第一遍纯英文式阅读，遇到不懂的地方不要暂停，一气呵成
第二遍阅读英语原文，记下不清楚的地方（单词、短语、长难句和理解难点等），然后带着这些问题阅读随后的精读注解
如果随后的精读笔记不足以解决难点，可以将问题发送至后台等待解答
*精读笔记尽可能详细，让读有所获
语篇导读：这是一篇夹叙夹议记叙文。当证据确凿某人无罪或有罪时，我们就会说正义得到伸张。法官是人，难免会犯错，但在某种特定的环境，正义会自动得到伸张。企图行窃的小偷被困在烟囱，在消防员解救后，不需要警察的介入，正义就已得到了伸张。
精读原文
The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.' The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.
精读注解
Justice was done
justice/'dʒʌstɪs/：fairness in the way people are treated公平；公正；合理，如：His people came to him demanding justice. 他的手下来找他，寻求公正。
①The word justice is usually associated with courts of law.②We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt.③Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.④Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.⑤Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
语篇导读：本段是对正义的论述，解释伸张正义有时并非易事。①②③“正义”一词通常与法庭相关。正义能否得到伸张取决于证据是否充足。④⑤法官会出差错，或许有些人永远无法伸张正义。
court/kɔːt/：A court is a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jury or by a magistrate. 法庭，如：At this rate, we could find ourselves in the divorce courts! 照这样下去，我们可能会在离婚法庭上对簿公堂！
law /lɔː/：the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey法律(体系)，如：Elected officials ought to obey the law. 民选官员理应遵守法律。
when是从属连词，引导时间状语从句
innocence/'ɪnəsəns/：the fact of being not guilty of a crime清白，无罪，如：Can you prove your innocence? 你能证明自己清白吗
beyond doubt：无容置疑，确凿无疑，如：The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的。
undertake/ʌndə'teɪk/：to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it承担；着手做〔某事〕，如：She undertook the task of monitoring the elections. 她承担了监督选举的任务。
arduous/'ɑːdjʊəs/：involving a lot of strength and effort费力的，艰巨的，如：This work will be arduous, but we have to overcome the difficulty. 这将是十分艰苦的工作，但也是我们必须克服的困难。
【难句解析】Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. ①who是关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词Those；②本句两个代词it均指justice；③that引导宾语从句，作sure的宾语。
【语法小学堂】however wise or eminent：①本句的however作连接副词，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”，“不管如何”。如：However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。②本句为省略句，应是however wise or eminent they are.
有关however的其他用法，参见英语语法网：http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201212/3130.html；
“正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿地证明无罪或有罪的时候，我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。正义是复杂的法律机器的组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路，从来没有把握他们最终将找到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
①There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.②Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference.③At such times, justice acts like a living force.④When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
语篇导读：本段阐述在个别情况下，正义不言而喻。①②③在奖惩的实施不受意志支配时，正义自己行使其职能；④“他罪有应得”这句话部分承认，现实环境证明了正义得到伸张。
cease to…：不再……，停止，如：And if the golden sun, should cease to shine its light. 如果金色的阳光，停止了它耀眼的光芒
abstract/'æbstrækt/：based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events纯理论的，纯概念的，抽象的，如：Human beings are the only creatures capable of abstract thought (= thinking about ideas ) . 人类是唯一具有抽象思维能力的动物。
concept/'kɒnsept/：an idea of how something is, or how something should be done概念，观念；想法，如：It’s very simple, once you grasp the concept . 你一旦掌握了这个概念之后就很简单了。
mete out：To mete out a punishment means to order that someone should be punished in a certain way. 给予，处置，对…施以 (处罚)，如：Duly mete out rewards and punishments. 有赏有罚。
be independent of: 不依赖…的；不受…支配的，如：The database installations are independent of each other. 数据库的安装是相互独立的。
interference/ɪntə'fɪərəns/：Interference by a person or group is their unwanted or unnecessary involvement in something. 干涉，如：Airlines will be able to set cheap fares without further interference from the government. 如果不受政府更多的干预，各航空公司将能够把票价定得很低。
justice acts like a living force.：此处运用明喻手法，如：She sings like a nightingale.她唱起歌来像夜莺一样。
serve one right：罪有应得；活该，如：The punishment served him right.他得到这样的惩罚罪有应得。
in part：部分地，在某种程度上，而in large/great part：在很大程度上，大部分地；如：In part, because of the quality of social relationships. 部分原因出在社会关系的品质优劣上。
a certain set of：某些特定的
accord/ə'kɔːd/：without being asked or forced to do something出于自愿，主动地，短语：of one’s own accord自愿地，自动地。如：He decided to go of his own accord. 他是自己决定要去的。
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不受人的意志支配的。在这种时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分地承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
①When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.'②The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys.③Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls.④As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade.⑤The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was.⑥They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries.⑦After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney.⑧As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall.⑨The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.⑩He had been there for nearly ten hours.⑪Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.
语篇导读：本段举例说明正义不言而喻，自行得到伸张。①总领句，直接点明“小偷被抓，正义自行得到伸张”；②-⑩一名女售货员听到从墙里传来的闷声闷气的叫声，告知经理——经理叫来消防员——消防员定位正确的烟囱，凿透墙壁救出小偷——小偷承认行窃企图——不需要警察的介入，正义便得到伸张。
premises/'premɪsiz/：[plural,复数] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses〔商店、餐馆、公司等使用的〕房屋及土地，如：Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises. 学校通过出租房屋场地可以获取额外收入
【难句解析】When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.'①When作从属连词，引导时间状语从句；②must have found对过去的肯定猜测；③it在本句作形式宾语，逻辑宾语是impossible to resist the temptation to say…（情不自禁地说……）。
convert/kən'vɜːt/：If someone converts a room or building, they alter it in order to use it for a different purpose. 改建，如：By converting the attic, they were able to have two extra bedrooms. 通过改建阁楼，他们又多出了两间卧室。
disused/dis'ju:zd/：a disused building, railway, mine etc is no longer used不再使用的，废弃的，如：It is a post-medieval disused burial ground in London, England. 这是英格兰伦敦后中世纪的废弃坟地。
fireplace/'faɪəpleɪs/：a special place in the wall of a room, where you can make a fire壁炉，如：He tapped his pipe out into the fireplace. 他把烟斗的烟灰敲到壁炉里。
muffle/'mʌfəl/：to make a sound less loud and clear, especially by covering something〔尤指以覆盖某物的方式〕使〔声音〕减弱[低沉]，如：Her voice was muffled by the pillow in which she had hidden her face. 她把脸埋在枕头里，声音闷闷的。
chip/tʃɪp/：If you chip something or if it chips, a small piece is broken off it. 把……碰掉一小块; 碎掉一小块，砍，削，凿，如：The blow chipped the woman's tooth. 这一击把那个女人的牙齿打掉了一小块。
blacken/'blæk(ə)n/：to become black, or to make something black（使）变黑；把…弄黑，如：The thunder became louder and the sky blackened. 雷声更响，天色也黑了下来。
emerge/ɪ'mɜːdʒ/：to appear or come out from somewhere出现，浮现，如：The flowers emerge in the spring. 花儿在春天开放。
break into：If someone breaks into a building, they get into it by force. 强行闯入，闯入；破门而入，如：There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house. 当时附近没有人可能看见他试图闯进那所房子。
hand over：If you hand something over to someone, you give them the responsibility for dealing with a particular situation or problem. (把某事) 交给…负责，如：The present leaders have to decide whether to hand over to a younger generation. 现任领导者们必须决定是否把工作移交给较年轻的一代负责。
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、经过改造的房子，店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟囱。快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告了经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的，然而，因为烟囱太多，消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叩击烟囱倾听那人的喊叫声而确定了传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚的墙壁，发现有个人卡在了烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄，那人无法动弹。消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞，才终于把他解救出来。那个看起来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前，正义就已得到了伸张。
Summary writing：(last paragraph)
用不多于80个单词描述小偷是如何被发现卡在烟囱里以及如何被解救出来。（摘自新概念英语教师用书新版3）
A girl in the jewellery store heard muffled cries coming from behind a wall. When she heard the cry again, she went and told the manager who rang the fire brigade. When they arrived, the fire fighters found the right chimney by tapping the walls and listening. They chipped through a thick wall and found the man who could not move because the chimney was so narrow. They finally freed him by cutting a large hole in the wall.
完结
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