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美团一面:你既然写过Mybatis插件,说说它底层是怎么加载一个

美团一面:你既然写过Mybatis插件,说说它底层是怎么加载一个

作者: 程序员白楠楠 | 来源:发表于2021-02-19 17:19 被阅读0次

    大多数框架,都支持插件,用户可通过编写插件来自行扩展功能,Mybatis也不例外。

    我们从插件配置、插件编写、插件运行原理、插件注册与执行拦截的时机、初始化插件、分页插件的原理等六个方面展开阐述。

    1. 插件配置

    Mybatis的插件配置在configuration内部,初始化时,会读取这些插件,保存于Configuration对象的InterceptorChain中。整理了一份272页Mybatis学习笔记

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <plugins>
        <plugin interceptor="com.mybatis3.interceptor.MyBatisInterceptor">
          <property name="value" value="100" />
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </configuration>
    
    public class Configuration {
        protected final InterceptorChain interceptorChain = new InterceptorChain();
    }
    
    

    org.apache.ibatis.plugin.InterceptorChain.java源码。

    public class InterceptorChain {
    
      private final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<Interceptor>();
    
      public Object pluginAll(Object target) {
        for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
          target = interceptor.plugin(target);
        }
        return target;
      }
    
      public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) {
        interceptors.add(interceptor);
      }
    
      public List<Interceptor> getInterceptors() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(interceptors);
      }
    }
    
    

    上面的for循环代表了只要是插件,都会以责任链的方式逐一执行(别指望它能跳过某个节点),所谓插件,其实就类似于拦截器。

    2. 如何编写一个插件

    插件必须实现org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Interceptor接口。

    public interface Interceptor {
    
      Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable;
    
      Object plugin(Object target);
    
      void setProperties(Properties properties);
    
    }
    
    

    intercept()方法:执行拦截内容的地方,比如想收点保护费。由plugin()方法触发,interceptor.plugin(target)足以证明。

    plugin()方法:决定是否触发intercept()方法。

    setProperties()方法:给自定义的拦截器传递xml配置的属性参数。

    下面自定义一个拦截器:

    @Intercepts({
        @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query",
        args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class,
            RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }),
        @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "close",     
        args = { boolean.class }) })
    public class MyBatisInterceptor implements Interceptor {
    
      private Integer value;
    
      @Override
      public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        return invocation.proceed();
      }
    
      @Override
      public Object plugin(Object target) {
        System.out.println(value);
            // Plugin类是插件的核心类,用于给target创建一个JDK的动态代理对象,触发intercept()方法
        return Plugin.wrap(target, this);
      }
    
      @Override
      public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        value = Integer.valueOf((String) properties.get("value"));
      }
    
    }
    
    

    面对上面的代码,我们需要解决两个疑问:

    1.为什么要写Annotation注解?注解都是什么含义?

    答: Mybatis规定插件必须编写Annotation注解,是必须,而不是可选。

    @Intercepts注解:装载一个@Signature列表,一个@Signature其实就是一个需要拦截的方法封装。那么,一个拦截器要拦截多个方法,自然就是一个@Signature列表。

    type = Executor.class, 
    method = "query", 
    args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }
    
    

    解释: 要拦截Executor接口内的query()方法,参数类型为args列表。

    2. Plugin.wrap(target, this)是干什么的?

    答: 使用JDK的动态代理,给target对象创建一个delegate代理对象,以此来实现方法拦截和增强功能,它会回调intercept()方法。

    org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.java源码:

    public class Plugin implements InvocationHandler {
    
      private Object target;
      private Interceptor interceptor;
      private Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap;
    
      private Plugin(Object target, Interceptor interceptor, Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap) {
        this.target = target;
        this.interceptor = interceptor;
        this.signatureMap = signatureMap;
      }
    
      public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) {
        Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor);
        Class<?> type = target.getClass();
        Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap);
        if (interfaces.length > 0) {
          // 创建JDK动态代理对象
          return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
              type.getClassLoader(),
              interfaces,
              new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap));
        }
        return target;
      }
    
      @Override
      public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        try {
          Set<Method> methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass());
          // 判断是否是需要拦截的方法(很重要)
          if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) {
            // 回调intercept()方法
            return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args));
          }
          return method.invoke(target, args);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e);
        }
      }
    //...
    }
    
    

    Map<Class<?>, Set> signatureMap:缓存需拦截对象的反射结果,避免多次反射,即target的反射结果。

    所以,我们不要动不动就说反射性能很差,那是因为你没有像Mybatis一样去缓存一个对象的反射结果。

    判断是否是需要拦截的方法,这句注释很重要,一旦忽略了,都不知道Mybatis是怎么判断是否执行拦截内容的,要记住。

    3. Mybatis可以拦截哪些接口对象?

    public class Configuration {
    //...
    public ParameterHandler newParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) {
        ParameterHandler parameterHandler = mappedStatement.getLang().createParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql);
        parameterHandler = (ParameterHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(parameterHandler); // 1
        return parameterHandler;
      }
    
      public ResultSetHandler newResultSetHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, RowBounds rowBounds, ParameterHandler parameterHandler,
          ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
        ResultSetHandler resultSetHandler = new DefaultResultSetHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterHandler, resultHandler, boundSql, rowBounds);
        resultSetHandler = (ResultSetHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(resultSetHandler); // 2
        return resultSetHandler;
      }
    
      public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) {
        StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
        statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler); // 3
        return statementHandler;
      }
    
      public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction) {
        return newExecutor(transaction, defaultExecutorType);
      }
    
      public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
        executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
        executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
        Executor executor;
        if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
          executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
          executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else {
          executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
        }
        if (cacheEnabled) {
          executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
        }
        executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor); // 4
        return executor;
      }
    //...
    }
    
    

    Mybatis只能拦截ParameterHandler、ResultSetHandler、StatementHandler、Executor共4个接口对象内的方法。

    重新审视interceptorChain.pluginAll()方法:该方法在创建上述4个接口对象时调用,其含义为给这些接口对象注册拦截器功能,注意是注册,而不是执行拦截。

    拦截器执行时机:plugin()方法注册拦截器后,那么,在执行上述4个接口对象内的具体方法时,就会自动触发拦截器的执行,也就是插件的执行。

    所以,一定要分清,何时注册,何时执行。切不可认为pluginAll()或plugin()就是执行,它只是注册。

    4. Invocation

    public class Invocation {
      private Object target;
      private Method method;
      private Object[] args;
    }
    
    

    intercept(Invocation invocation)方法的参数Invocation ,我相信你一定可以看得懂,不解释。

    5. 初始化插件源码解析

    org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XNode)方法部分源码。

    pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
    
     private void pluginElement(XNode parent) throws Exception {
      if (parent != null) {
        for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) {
          String interceptor = child.getStringAttribute("interceptor");
          Properties properties = child.getChildrenAsProperties();
          Interceptor interceptorInstance = (Interceptor) resolveClass(interceptor).newInstance();
          // 这里展示了setProperties()方法的调用时机
          interceptorInstance.setProperties(properties);
          configuration.addInterceptor(interceptorInstance);
        }
      }
    }
    
    

    对于Mybatis,它并不区分是何种拦截器接口,所有的插件都是Interceptor,Mybatis完全依靠Annotation去标识对谁进行拦截,所以,具备接口一致性。

    6. 分页插件原理

    由于Mybatis采用的是逻辑分页,而非物理分页,那么,市场上就出现了可以实现物理分页的Mybatis的分页插件。

    要实现物理分页,就需要对String sql进行拦截并增强,Mybatis通过BoundSql对象存储String sql,而BoundSql则由StatementHandler对象获取。整理了一份272页Mybatis学习笔记

    public interface StatementHandler {
        <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException;
        BoundSql getBoundSql();
    }
    
    public class BoundSql {
       public String getSql() {
        return sql;
      }
    }
    
    

    因此,就需要编写一个针对StatementHandler的query方法拦截器,然后获取到sql,对sql进行重写增强。

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