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手把手教你Android自定义动画(新手向)

手把手教你Android自定义动画(新手向)

作者: 恶童历险记 | 来源:发表于2017-09-02 18:18 被阅读84次

先来看最终效果图

LineAnimation.gif

整个效果图包括了

Share Element Transition
CollapsingToolbarLayout
AppbarLayout
自定义的动画效果

先来分析自定义动画,用两个TextView来分别显示Title(动物世界)和SubTitle(春天到了...)。SubTitle的动画需要自己手动来画,可以直接沿着TextView的周长来画线。
我们需要重写View的onDraw方法,然后在方法体里来画我们的图像,然后通过调用invalidate来刷新View让画面动起来。
线框的绘画其实就是由5条线组合在一起,这里用我用bottom,left,right,topLeft,topRight来代表这5条线,我们简单先给topLeft定义一个确定的长度length 等于TextView的宽度1/4。
为了让这些白线有一定的粗细,我们用canvas.drawRect来画线而不是用drawLine,设定线的宽度stokeWidth。


所以线框的完全体就是这样

length = getWidth()/4;
stokeWidth = 2;
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        //bottom
        canvas.drawRect(0, getHeight() - stokeWidth, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
        //left
        canvas.drawRect(0, 0, stokeWidth, getHeight(), paint);
        //right
        canvas.drawRect(getWidth() - stokeWidth, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
        //topLeft
        canvas.drawRect(0, 0, length, stokeWidth, paint);
        //topRight
        canvas.drawRect(getWidth() - length, 0, getWidth(), stokeWidth, paint);
}

然后实现动画:
计算线框的总长度(或者说绘制完成时的长度) maxRound
动画过程中线框长度 currentRound
设置绘制比例值 percent
通过比较currentRound的值画出对应帧的线框图像

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        float currentRound = maxRound * percent;
        if (currentRound <= stokeWidth) {
            return;
        }
        //currentRound长度小于bottom时,只画出底部线条
        if (currentRound <= getWidth()) {
            canvas.drawRect((getWidth() - currentRound) / 2, getHeight() - stokeWidth, (getWidth() + currentRound) / 2, getHeight(), paint);
        //blr=bottom+left+right,当currentRound小于底边和左右两边加起来的时候,画出对应的线条
        } else if (currentRound <= blr) {
            canvas.drawRect(0, getHeight() - stokeWidth, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
            float y = getHeight() - (currentRound - getWidth()) / 2;
            canvas.drawRect(0, y, stokeWidth, getHeight(), paint);
            canvas.drawRect(getWidth() - stokeWidth, y, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
        } else {
            //bottom
            canvas.drawRect(0, getHeight() - stokeWidth, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
            //left
            canvas.drawRect(0, 0, stokeWidth, getHeight(), paint);
            //right
            canvas.drawRect(getWidth() - stokeWidth, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), paint);
            //blr为bottom,left,right加起来的长度
            float r = (currentRound - blr) / 2;
            //topLeft
            canvas.drawRect(0, 0, r, stokeWidth, paint);
            //topRight
            canvas.drawRect(getWidth() - r, 0, getWidth(), stokeWidth, paint);
        }
    }
    //通过属性动画来画出帧动画
    public void animate(float f) {
        ValueAnimator valueAnimator = new ValueAnimator();
        valueAnimator.setFloatValues(percent, f);
        valueAnimator.setDuration(500);
        valueAnimator.addUpdateListener(this);
        valueAnimator.start();
    }
    //监听属性动画回调改变绘画的线框百分比percent
    @Override
    public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
        percent= (float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
        setTextColor(Color.argb((int) (percent * 255), 255, 255, 255));
        invalidate();
    }

顺手给subTitle文字加个渐变,效果大概就是这样


pic2.gif

接下来是让动画和AppbarLayout的滑动事件关联起来
xml布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/app_bar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="150dp"
        app:elevation="0dp">

        <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
            android:id="@+id/collapsingToolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            app:expandedTitleMarginEnd="64dp"
            app:expandedTitleMarginStart="48dp"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed|snap">

            <com.facebook.drawee.view.SimpleDraweeView
                android:id="@+id/bgImageView"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                app:layout_collapseMode="parallax"
                app:layout_collapseParallaxMultiplier="0.5"
                tools:background="#cccccc" />

            <View
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:background="#55000000" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                app:contentInsetLeft="0dp"
                app:contentInsetStart="0dp"
                app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:layout_marginTop="48dp"
                android:maxLines="1"
                android:paddingLeft="8dp"
                android:paddingRight="8dp"
                android:textColor="@color/white"
                android:textSize="18dp"
                android:textStyle="bold"
                app:layout_collapseMode="parallax"
                tools:text="走进科学" />

        </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recyclerView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <etong.lineanimation.SubTitleView
        android:id="@+id/subTitle"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="58dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:maxLines="2"
        android:paddingBottom="12dp"
        android:paddingLeft="20dp"
        android:paddingRight="20dp"
        android:paddingTop="20dp"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="14dp"
        tools:text="春天到了,又到了交配的季节。" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="show"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

设置AppBarLayout监听
appBar.addOnOffsetChangedListener(this);
根据滑动距离来和最大滑动距离来计算线框绘制的百分比

    @Override
    public void onOffsetChanged(AppBarLayout appBarLayout, int verticalOffset) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subTitle)) {
            float value = appBar.getHeight() - toolbar.getHeight() * 2;
            float p = (value + verticalOffset) / value;
            if (p < 0) {
                p = 0;
            }
            subTitleView.setPercent(p);
        }
   }

这里线框的位置是固定的,所以在appBarLayout滑动的时候为了避免线框出界,需要线框提前一点消失,所以本来最大滑动距离为
appBar.getHeight()-toolbar.getHeight()
改为
appBar.getHeight() - toolbar.getHeight() * 2
效果


pic3.gif

接下来需要处理一下SubTtileView本身高宽和主标题Title所在TextView的宽度问题。

  • Title最大行数为一行,SubTitle最大行数为两行
  • SubTtileView本身的最大宽度也必须小于屏幕宽度,而且需要有最小的左右边距 padding
  • SubTitleView的topLeft和topRight必须留有一点的长度,才能形成一个完整的线框 minLength
  • Title文字过多的时候会占满屏幕,所以必须限制Title的最大宽度
    maxTitleWidth = screenWidth - padding * 2 - minLength * 2
  • SubTitleView的宽度必须大于Title的宽度,所以我们要根据Title的宽度手动计算SubTitleView的宽度
    minSubTitleViewWidth = titleWidth - minLenght * 2
  • ............
subtitleMargin = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.subtitle_margin);
minLength = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.min_length);
maxTitleWidth = ScreenUtils.screenWidth - subtitleMargin * 2 - minLength * 2;

    public void calculateSubTitle() {
        int titleWidth = titleTextView.getWidth();

        if (titleWidth > maxTitleWidth) {
            titleTextView.getLayoutParams().width = maxTitleWidth;
            subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width = maxTitleWidth + minLength * 2;
            subtitleView.setLength(minLength * 2);
            subtitleView.requestLayout();
            titleTextView.requestLayout();
        } else if (subtitleView.getWidth() > ScreenUtils.screenWidth - subtitleMargin * 2) {
            subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width = ScreenUtils.screenWidth - subtitleMargin * 2;
            subtitleView.setLength(subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width - titleWidth);
            subtitleView.requestLayout();
        } else if (subtitleView.getWidth() < titleWidth + minLength * 2) {
            subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width = titleWidth + minLength * 2;
            subtitleView.setLength(subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width - titleWidth);
            subtitleView.requestLayout();
        } else {
            subtitleView.setLength(subtitleView.getLayoutParams().width - titleWidth);
            subtitleView.requestLayout();
        }
    }

到此所有的自定义部分就写完了,剩下的过场动画由于是Android支持库的api就不多解释。
最后,源码链接 https://github.com/RoyWallace/LineAnimation
如果发现有错误的地方或者不明白之处欢迎加群讨论 qq群:295456349

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