线程池的使用

(1) newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int index = i;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(index);
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

(2) newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int index = i;
            fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        System.out.println(index);
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}  

(3) newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。

延迟3秒执行。

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
        scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
            }
        }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
        scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
            }
        }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}  

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int index = i;
            singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        System.out.println(index);
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}