iOS 动画

作者: wesk痕 | 来源:发表于2016-10-24 17:47 被阅读0次

ios动画
iOS动画
《iOS动画》读书笔记·内容层动画
《iOS动画》读书笔记·显示层动画
《iOS动画》读书笔记·前序
《iOS动画》读书笔记·转场动画
iOS - 转场动画
iOS开发——登录页面动画、转场动画
iOS视频学习教程分享
iOS动画浅汇

UIView 之animation

s = vt; 这个是我对动画的理解，任何动画都可以用这个来解释分析。我们设置一个动画往往是限定了运动变化(轨迹)和时间，最常见的是

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.30];//时间
[UIView setAnimationDelegate:self];
self.transform = rotationTransform;//视图改变
[UIView commitAnimations];

或者

[UIView animateWithDuration:0.3 animations:^{
       
        }];

UIView animateWithDuration:… 这个方法 apple也做了很多的扩展，对一些简单的单一需求也能满足。
这边对下面这个带有阻尼效果的动画做个简单分析

+ (void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration                      delay:(NSTimeInterval)delay     usingSpringWithDamping:(CGFloat)dampingRatio      initialSpringVelocity:(CGFloat)velocity                    options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options                 animations:(void (^)(void))animations
                 completion:(void (^)(BOOL finished))completion

usingSpringWithDamping（阻尼系数）
的范围为0.0f
到1.0f
，数值越小「弹簧」的振动效果越明显。initialSpringVelocity（初始运动速度），数值越大一开始移动速度越快。

UIView还有一种在实际开发过程中比较常见的转场动画：

+ (void)transitionWithView:(UIView *)view duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options animations:(void (^ __nullable)(void))animations completion:(void (^ __nullable)(BOOL finished))completion

如自定义拍照或录制视频功能时，在点击前后摄像头图标视图内的画面旋转自然切换，图片集浏览。

UIViewAnimationOptions:
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionNone = 0 << 20, //default
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromLeft = 1 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromRight = 2 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCurlUp = 3 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCurlDown = 4 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionCrossDissolve = 5 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromTop = 6 << 20,
UIViewAnimationOptionTransitionFlipFromBottom = 7 << 20,

UILayer之CAAnimation

@interface CAAnimation : NSObject <NSCoding, NSCopying, CAMediaTiming, CAAction>

从上看出CAAnimation 使用了CAMediaTiming协议，可以设置动画的开始时间、持续时间、速度、重复次数等，使用了CAAction协议，可以设置动画的方式（路径）来显示动画。
CAAnimation 设置动画原理和UIView差不多，CAAnimation是作用于Layer层上的，而UIView animation 是作用于View上的。
CAAnimation的一些派生类:
CATransition 提供渐变效果:(推拉push效果,消退fade效果,揭开reveal效果)
CAAnimationGroup 允许多个动画同时播放
CABasicAnimation 提供了对单一动画的实现
CAKeyframeAnimation 关键桢动画,可以定义行动路线

比较常用的是CABasicAnimation、CAKeyframeAnimation和CAAnimationGroup；

CABasicAnimation动画也需要设置变化和变化的时间，通过-setFromValue 和-setToValue 来指定一个开始值和结束值，duration是动画持续时间。

下面是两个例子：

- (void)showPlay{
    
    UIColor *stroke = [UIColor redColor];
    CGRect pathFrame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 60, 60);
    UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:pathFrame cornerRadius:30];
    
    CAShapeLayer *circleShape = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    circleShape.path = path.CGPath;
    circleShape.position = CGPointMake(0, 0);
    circleShape.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
    circleShape.opacity = 0;
    circleShape.strokeColor = stroke.CGColor;
    circleShape.lineWidth = 3;
    
    [self.layer addSublayer:circleShape];
    
    CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
    scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DIdentity];
    scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DMakeScale(3, 1, 1)];//x,y,z放大缩小倍数
    
    CABasicAnimation *alphaAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
    alphaAnimation.fromValue = @1;
    alphaAnimation.toValue = @0;
    
    CAAnimationGroup *animation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
    animation.animations = @[scaleAnimation, alphaAnimation];
    animation.duration = 7.5f;
    animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear];
    animation.repeatCount = 4;
    [circleShape addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];
}

- (void)rotateWheel:(UIView*)view
{
    float totalRotation = 6*M_PI;
    
    NSArray* keyTimes = @[@0.0, @0.2, @0.8, @1.0]; //0-0.2-0.8-1.0 3段动画
    CAKeyframeAnimation* animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.z"]; //z轴选择
    animation.duration = 5;
    animation.keyTimes = keyTimes;
    animation.values = @[@(0*totalRotation), @(0.33*totalRotation), @(0.67*totalRotation), @(1*totalRotation)];
    animation.timingFunctions = @[[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear],
                                  [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear],
                                  [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear]];
    [view.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"rotateZ"];
}

CADisplayLink

CADisplayLink 其实和CADAnimation一样都是QuartzCore.framework里的类，但这个又是有些特殊的地方，一般都把它于NSTimer放在一起比较，因为这个拥有计时器的功能，精度能达到每秒触发60次。它和timer一样是把对象加到runloop中，触发的时间到了，runloop向对象指定的target发送一次selector消息。在做一些精细点的动画，不受其他动画或线程干扰，需要指定runloop的模式，就像srollView在滚动时，如果是默认的runloop模式，timer的计时时间会延迟。

如下面一段代码：为了实现img1Loading和img2Loading 无缝隙循环移动

#pragma - mark - loadingImageAnimation
- (void)startMoveLoadingImage
{
    self.moveDisplaylink = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:self selector:@selector(bgLoadingImageMove:)];
    self.moveDisplaylink.frameInterval = 2;//每秒30次
    [self.moveDisplaylink addToRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];

}

- (void)bgLoadingImageMove:(CADisplayLink *)displayLink
{
    self.linkTimeCount ++;
    int perMaxCount = 360; //每一次循环滑动调用的最大次数
    [self setLoadingImage:perMaxCount];
    
}

- (void)setLoadingImage:(int)perMaxCount
{
    int moveCount = self.linkTimeCount%perMaxCount;//余数
//    CCLog(@"moveCount %d",moveCount);

    CGRect frame = _img1Loading.frame;
    CGFloat imageWidth = frame.size.width - 44; //441
    frame.origin.x = -imageWidth/perMaxCount*moveCount;
    
    if (self.img1Loading.frame.origin.x > self.img2Loading.frame.origin.x) {
        self.img2Loading.frame = frame;
        frame.origin.x += imageWidth;
        self.img1Loading.frame = frame;
    }
    else
    {
        self.img1Loading.frame = frame;
        frame.origin.x += imageWidth;
        self.img2Loading.frame = frame;
    }
    
    if (moveCount+1 == perMaxCount)
    {
        self.isNeedChange = YES;
    }
    if (self.isNeedChange) {
        frame.origin.x = imageWidth;
        if (self.img1Loading.frame.origin.x > self.img2Loading.frame.origin.x) {
            self.img2Loading.frame = frame;
        }
        else
        {
            self.img1Loading.frame = frame;
        }
        self.isNeedChange = false;
    }

}

- (void)stopAnimation
{
    if (_moveDisplaylink)
    {
        [self.moveDisplaylink invalidate];
        self.moveDisplaylink = nil;
        self.linkTimeCount = 0;
    }
}