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Scrapy+MongoDB爬取豆瓣《我不是药神》短评

Scrapy+MongoDB爬取豆瓣《我不是药神》短评

作者: 右哼哼丨左哼哼 | 来源:发表于2018-07-12 16:11 被阅读276次

    框架入门类练手项目,Scrapy+MongoDB爬取豆瓣《我不是药神》短评
    先看看词云成果图:


    Python.jpg

    数据库存储图:


    image.png
    由于豆瓣短评网页比较简单，且不存在动态加载的内容，我们下面就直接上代码。有一点需要注意的是，豆瓣短评的前几页不需要登录就可以看，但是后面的内容是是需要我们登录才能查看的，因此我们需要添加自己的cookie。

    项目代码

    • Items.py

      import scrapy

class DbmoivesItem(scrapy.Item):
    comments = scrapy.Field()
    # 只爬取内容,所以就一个字段

    • Spider.py

      # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy import  Request,Spider
from lxml import etree
from ..items import DbmoivesItem
import scrapy


class DbspiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    '''
    我不是药神
    '''
    name = 'DBspider'
    allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
    start_urls = ['http://douban.com/']
    def start_requests(self):
        templateurl = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26752088/comments?start={}&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P'
    # 构造翻页URL
        for i in range(9091):
            url = templateurl.format(str(i*20))
            yield Request(url = url, callback=self.parse)
    # 请求网页后解析需要的内容
    def parse(self, response):
        selector = etree.HTML(response.text)
        item = DbmoivesItem()
        item['comments'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="comment"]/p/text()')
        yield item

    • Pipelines.py

      import pymongo

class MongoPipeline(object):
    collection = 'yaoshen' # <我不是药神>数据表
    
  # 初始化数据库连接
    def __init__(self,mongo_url,mongo_db):
        self.mongo_url = mongo_url
        self.mongo_db = mongo_db
        
  # 读取settings.py里的数据库配置信息
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
        return cls(
            mongo_url=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URL'),
            mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')
        )
  
    # 启动爬虫后连接数据库
    def open_spider(self,spider):
        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_url)
        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]
        
  # 停止爬虫后关闭数据库
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.client.close()
        
  # 写入爬取内容到数据库
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        table = self.db[self.collection]
        for com in item['comments']:
            data = dict()
            data['comments'] = com.strip().replace('\n','')
            table.insert_one(data)
        return item

    • Middlewares.py

      from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
import random

class MyUseragentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
    '''
    设置User-Agent
    '''

    def __int__(self,user_agent):
        self.user_agent = user_agent
        
  # 读取settings.py中的User-Agent
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            user_agent=crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENTS')
        )
    
  # 随机选择User-Agent 防止爬虫被ban
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        agent = random.choice(self.user_agent)
        request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent

    • Settings.py

      BOT_NAME = 'DBmoives'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['DBmoives.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'DBmoives.spiders'
# 关闭robots协议
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# 设置延迟
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# 数据库配置信息
MONGO_URL= 'mongodb://localhost:27017'
MONGO_DB = 'douban'
# 关闭框架自身的cookies处理
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Cookie': "你自己的cookies"
}

# 启用中间件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'DBmoives.middlewares.MyUseragentMiddleware': 400,
}
# 启用管道配置文件
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'DBmoives.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,
}

# UA库
USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
]

    注意：

    请把COOKIES_ENABLED设置为 False，你可能觉得奇怪，为什么我们使用了cookie却需要把它设置为False，原因在于，我们直接把cookie放在了请求头里面，但是scrapy默认自己拥有一套处理cookie的中间件，当你把它设置为True的时候，两者会产生影响，从而请求失败，你可以自己尝试一下。那如果我执意要把他设置为True呢，难道就不能解决了么？当然是可以的，但是我们今天就不在深入的讨论这个问题，以后可以单独解释。

    我们这里抓取评论数据是为了之后的分析所用。

    你可以去github下载以上的代码和相应的评论数据。

    github地址: https://github.com/cnkai/comment.git

    声明：本文仅供学习交流所用。
    参考链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/cnkai/p/7418330.html
    大家如若有兴趣，欢迎朋友，可以加交流群：692-858-412一起学习
    喜欢我的文章可以关注我哦,别忘了点个喜欢!

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