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netty(九)初识Netty-Future & Promise

netty(九)初识Netty-Future & Promise

作者: 我犟不过你 | 来源:发表于2021-11-10 14:53 被阅读0次

    一、简介

    在netty当中,我们需要进行异步处理的时候,经常会调用以下的两个方法:

    Future & Promise

    其实在我们使用JDK的时候,就知道有一个Future接口,用于异步时接收任务结果。

    在Netty当中,基于JDK当中的Future接口,进行了扩展;后面又在Netty的Future基础之上,增加了Promise接口。

    关于三者的关系请看以下的类图:

    image.png
    • JDK Future:只能同步等待任务结束(无论成功还是失败)才能得到结果。
    • Netty Future:可以同步等待任务结束得到结果,也可以异步方式得到结果,前提是任务必须要结束。
    • Netty Promise:不仅有 netty Future 的功能,而且脱离了任务独立存在,只作为两个线程间传递结果的容器。

    二、扩展了哪些主要能力?

    在这一章节,主要分析前面提到的netty新增的两个接口都新增了哪些功能。

    功能/名称 jdk Future netty Future Promise
    cancel 取消任务 - -
    isCanceled 任务是否取消 - -
    isDone 任务是否完成,不能区分成功失败 - -
    get 获取任务结果,阻塞等待 - -
    getNow - 获取任务结果,非阻塞,还未产生结果时返回 null -
    await - 等待任务结束,如果任务失败,不会抛异常,而是通过 isSuccess 判断 -
    sync - 等待任务结束,如果任务失败,抛出异常 -
    isSuccess - 判断任务是否成功 -
    cause - 获取失败信息,非阻塞,如果没有失败,返回null -
    addLinstener - 添加回调,异步接收结果 -
    setSuccess - - 设置成功结果
    setFailure - - 设置失败结果

    三、使用示例

    下面针对Promise我们重点学习,看看针对不同场景下的使用。

    例1 同步处理任务成功

        public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", set success: " + 10);
                promise.setSuccess(10);
            });
    
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", start...");
            //未产生结果,不阻塞,返回null
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.getNow());
            //阻塞等待结果
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.get());
        }
    

    结果:

    main, start...
    main, null
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, set success: 10
    main, 10
    

    例2 异步处理任务成功

        public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", set success: " + 10);
                promise.setSuccess(10);
            });
    
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", start...");
    
            //添加异步监听,当有结果时调用getNow获取结果
            promise.addListener(future->{
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + future.getNow());
            });
        }
    

    结果:

    main, start...
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, set success: 10
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, 10
    

    例3 同步处理任务失败 sync & get

    sync或者get,区别是get会对异常信息再包一层

        public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", set failure");
                promise.setFailure(new RuntimeException());
            });
    
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", start...");
            //未产生结果,不阻塞,返回null
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.getNow());
            //阻塞等待结果
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.get());
            //System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.get());
        }
    

    结果:

    main, start...
    main, null
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, set failure
    Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.get(DefaultPromise.java:349)
        at com.cloud.bssp.netty.promise.Test3.main(Test3.java:34)
    Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException
        at com.cloud.bssp.netty.promise.Test3.lambda$main$0(Test3.java:27)
        at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:989)
        at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    

    例4 同步处理任务失败 await

        public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", set failure");
                promise.setFailure(new RuntimeException());
            });
    
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", start...");
            //未产生结果,不阻塞,返回null
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.getNow());
            //阻塞等待结果
            promise.await();
            //isSuccess判断任务是否成功
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +", " + promise.isSuccess());
        }
    

    结果:

    main, start...
    main, null
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, set failure
    main, false
    

    例5 异步处理任务失败

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", set failure");
                promise.setFailure(new RuntimeException());
            });
    
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", start...");
    
            //添加异步监听,当有结果时调用getNow获取结果
            promise.addListener(future -> {
                if (!promise.isSuccess()) {
                    //失败查看结果
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", " + promise.cause());
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", " + future.getNow());
            });
        }
    

    结果:

    main, start...
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, set failure
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, java.lang.RuntimeException
    defaultEventLoop-1-1, null
    

    例6 await 死锁检查

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
            DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
    
            eventExecutors.submit(()->{
                System.out.println("1");
                try {
                    promise.await();
                    // 注意不能仅捕获 InterruptedException 异常
                    // 否则 死锁检查抛出的 BlockingOperationException 会继续向上传播
                    // 而提交的任务会被包装为 PromiseTask,它的 run 方法中会 catch 所有异常然后设置为 Promise 的失败结果而不会抛出
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("2");
            });
            eventExecutors.submit(()->{
                System.out.println("3");
                try {
                    promise.await();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("4");
            });
        }
    

    结果:

    1
    2
    3
    4
    io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@6a77ffc2(incomplete)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:461)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:246)
        at com.cloud.bssp.netty.promise.Test6.lambda$main$0(Test6.java:21)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.runTask(PromiseTask.java:98)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:106)
        at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:989)
        at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@6a77ffc2(incomplete)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:461)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:246)
        at com.cloud.bssp.netty.promise.Test6.lambda$main$1(Test6.java:33)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.runTask(PromiseTask.java:98)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:106)
        at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:989)
        at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
        at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    
    

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