isa走位图以及类的结构分析

类的结构

struct objc_class : objc_object {
    // Class ISA;
    Class superclass;
    cache_t cache;             // formerly cache pointer and vtable
    class_data_bits_t bits;  
}

struct objc_object {
    Class _Nonnull isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
};

从中我们可以看出objc_class从objc_object继承了一个isa，很容易猜到方法，协议，成员变量是存在bits里面的，那么如何从bits获取信息呢？
根据结构体内存平移的规则，将首地址平移32字节就可以得到bits
而根据class_data_bits_t

struct class_data_bits_t {
    friend objc_class;

    // Values are the FAST_ flags above.
    uintptr_t bits;

    class_rw_t* data() const {
        return (class_rw_t *)(bits & FAST_DATA_MASK);
    }
}

结构体，我们可以知道bits.data()就可以打到class_rw_t数据
这里面就存储这我们想要的信息

struct class_rw_t{
  // Be warned that Symbolication knows the layout of this structure.
    uint32_t flags;
    uint16_t witness;
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
    uint16_t index;
#endif

    explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> ro_or_rw_ext;

    Class firstSubclass;
    Class nextSiblingClass;

    const class_ro_t *ro() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (slowpath(v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>())) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->ro;
        }
        return v.get<const class_ro_t *>();
    }

    void set_ro(const class_ro_t *ro) {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->ro = ro;
        } else {
            set_ro_or_rwe(ro);
        }
    }

    const method_array_t methods() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->methods;
        } else {
            return method_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseMethods()};
        }
    }

    const property_array_t properties() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->properties;
        } else {
            return property_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProperties};
        }
    }

    const protocol_array_t protocols() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->protocols;
        } else {
            return protocol_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProtocols};
        }
    }
}

可以知道
ro() 存储成员变量
methods() 存储方法列表
properties() 存储属性列表
protocols() 存储协议

接下来说说cache_t
这里面存储的都是

struct cache_t {
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_OUTLINED
    explicit_atomic<struct bucket_t *> _buckets; // 是一个结构体指针类型，占8字节
    explicit_atomic<mask_t> _mask; //是mask_t 类型，而 mask_t 是 unsigned int 的别名，占4字节
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
    explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _maskAndBuckets; //是指针，占8字节
    mask_t _mask_unused; //是mask_t 类型，而 mask_t 是 uint32_t 类型定义的别名，占4字节
    
#if __LP64__
    uint16_t _flags;  //是uint16_t类型，uint16_t是 unsigned short 的别名，占 2个字节
#endif
    uint16_t _occupied; //是uint16_

很容易就可以看出cache_t中存储的是struct bucket_t

struct bucket_t {
private:
    // IMP-first is better for arm64e ptrauth and no worse for arm64.
    // SEL-first is better for armv7* and i386 and x86_64.
#if __arm64__
    explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _imp;
    explicit_atomic<SEL> _sel;
#else
    explicit_atomic<SEL> _sel;
    explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _imp;
#endif
}

bucket_t中存储的imp与sel
这有什么用呢？这涉及到方法的快速查找，暂且不表

附上一张isa走位图

isa走位图